Formação de biofilme e análise bidimensional de proteínas de Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola

Abstract

Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola (Xcv) is the causal agent of grapevine bacterial canker. In the Submédio do Vale São Francisco in the northeast of Brazil, bacterial canker is one of the most important grapevine diseases, responsible for severe damage and representing a serious risk to Brazilian viticulture and wine production. The aims of this study were to: a) evaluate the ability of seven Xcv strains to adhere and form biofilms in vitro and to determine the influence of the culture medium and surfaces on biofilm formation, besides to study the biofilm architecture and swarming motility; and b) optimize a method of protein extraction for proteomic analysis of the Xcv, comparing the efficiency of four methods, based on the twodimensional gel electrophoresis profile (2D-PAGE). All the strains adhered to the wells of the polystyrene microtiter plate and formed biofilms in all liquid culture medium (nutrient brothdextrose- yeast extract, yeast extract-dextrose-calcium carbonate, KADO 523 and Luria-Bertani), though to different degrees (weak, moderate and strong). In glass tubes, only Xcv229 and Xcv158 strains formed biofilms. We identified Xcv229 as a strong biofilmproducing strain. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLMS) only Xcv229 showed an initial matrix of biofilm structure after 24 h of growth. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of strains Xcv229 and Xcv158 grown for 36 h on microtiter plates revealed typical biofilm architectures. Strain Xcv158 displayed a higher swarming motility than Xcv229, showing that in this case, biofilm formation is not motility-dependent. This is the first report of biofilm production by the bacterial plant pathogen Xcv. Trizol®, Phenol, Centrifugation and Lysis methods were tested and through quantitative and qualitative analysis, the most suitable method to obtain high-quality protein was selected. All methods enabled the extraction of a significant amount of proteins; nevertheless, the centrifugation method allowed obtaining the highest concentration of solubilized proteins. However, the analysis of the 2D-PAGE gel images revealed a larger number of spots in the lysis method when compared to the others. Taking into consideration the quality of the results and the practical advantages of the lysis method, this is recommended as the best option for total protein extraction of Xcv for proteomic studies.