Caracterização de isolados de Colletotrichum musae no Estado de Pernambuco

Abstract

From a socioeconomic perspective, the banana, one of the most consumed fruit, has great importance worldwide. The Brazilian production of this fruit presents particular geographic distribution, since it is present in all States of the federation. In the State of Pernambuco, the banana is grown in all the regions, occupying about 80000 permanent jobs in the field, with two distinct poles of banana production: the Zona da Mata and Vale do São Francisco. Among the limiting factors for this crop, there are the post-harvest diseases such as anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum musae. This disease causes significant losses in production, manifesting itself mainly in the fruit at maturity stage. In order to verify the diversity of this pathogen isolated from C. musae from banana production fields of three municipalities (Vicência, São Vicente Férrer and Machados) of the Pernambuco State were characterized for daily mycelial growth rate (DMGR), colony color, reverse plate, topography, presence of sectors and microsclerotia, conidial morphology, biochemical tests, pathogens and molecular. The 60 isolates, based on morphological characters of shape and size of conidia, were identified as C. musae, followed with morphological measurements from 9.3 to 30.2 x 2.6 to 12.6 μm ( x = 15.0 x 4.9 μm, n = 6000). Most isolates showed conidia straight, oblong, with rounded apices. As for the DMGR, all isolates showed growth averaged more than 1.0 cm.day–1, ranging from 1.21 to 1.63 cm.day–1. It was found three groups of striking color to the colonies: white, cream and salmon, while the presence of sectors ranging from zero to eight per isolate. Most isolates (53) metabolized the ammonium tartrate as the sole source of carbon, while for citric acid, all isolates except the isolate CMM 3219, were not able to metabolize this carbon source. The pathogenic characterization showed significant differences in the epidemiological parameter AUDPC in fruits inoculated with injury, indicating the existence of variation in aggressiveness among isolates. For fruit inoculated and no injuries, the AUDPC was not estimated for 20 isolates because there was no injury. The dendrogram generated by UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) cluster analysis of DNA bands obtained with the combination of three primers (GTG5, GACA and 820) by ISSR-PCR allowed the separation of three groups of isolates to 62% by Jaccard’s similarity coefficient. The group I was composed of isolates from Vicência Group II isolates São Vicente Férrer and group III, Machados. The results suggest that isolates of C. musae can be discriminated as to their origin because they had genetic similarity between them. The ISSR markers in this study appear to be useful tools in the study of C. musae.