Bactérias associadas a plantas de cana-de-açúcar : diversidade genética e promoção de crescimento vegetal

Abstract

The BPCV can stimulate the growth of the plant, reduce the occurrence of infections caused by plant pathogens and still reduce the effects of biotic or abiotic stresses in plants. Therefore, the goal of this work was to identify the direct mechanisms of plant growth promotion in maize and sorghum, and study the genetic diversity of bacteria associated with cane sugar plants and manioc. The selection of bacterial isolates of plant growth promoting mechanisms were performed using biological nitrogen fixation test (BNF) in the absence and presence of 2.5% NaCl; indole acetic acid synthesis (IIA) in the presence of different abiotic factors; expression of quorum sensing molecule (HLA) and exopolysaccharide (EPS). The genetic diversity study was conducted through the BOX- PCR and REP-PCR techniques; and the presence of isolates belonging to the genus Burkholderia by specific PCR. Positive bacteria for different promotion mechanisms were submitted to the fatty acids profile and partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Then, the BPCV inoculation was done in sorghum seeds (Sorgum vulgare var. Ipa 467-4-2) and corn (Zea mays var. St Joseph) to assess the performance of such bacteria on promoting plant, even under salt stress. The results showed that all bacteria were positive for IAA and BNF synthesis; 87.04% of the isolates tested positive for the production of quorum sensing (HLA), while 92.30% of bacterial strains belonging to the genus Burkholderia, the test was positive; 7.40% of the bacteria were negative for EPS production, no bacterial isolate showed little EPS production, 20,37% of the isolates had average production of EPS and 72,22% had high production of EPS. In relation to Burkholderia lineages, 38.46% of tested strains were negative to the test; UAGC131 strain had only minor production of halo 10 mm diameter (low output), which corresponds to 3.85% of relative frequency; 19.23% had average production of EPS and 38.46% had high production of EPS. The specific PCR revealed that the isolates, only UAGF01 and UAGF09, had the presence of band, and therefore belonging to the genus Burkholderia. The BOX-PCR revealed the presence of 41 groups (clusters) with high genetic variability among the evaluated bacterial isolates. The Jaccard similarity coefficient by REP-PCR, revealed the presence of 17 groups (cluters) with high genetic variability between strains evaluated, 30% similarity. The fatty acids profile of the study and the genetic identification from the partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed the presence of several bacterial genera of great importance in the promotion of studies of plant growth, as Burkholderia, Enterobacter, Pantoea and Klebisiella. The bacteria assessed promoted increase of at least one feature or through the IVG, or PC, or radicle, shoot and total, or total fresh and dry phytomass of seedlings of sorghum or maize, even under salt stress. These results showed that the bacteria have evaluated biotechnological potential for plant growth promotion in laboratory conditions, requiring therefore tests in greenhouse and field to confirm the potential of these bacteria.