Utilização de substrato artificial em cultivo do camarão Litopenaeus vannamei, em água oligohalina e meio heterotrófico

Abstract

The use of artificial substrates in aquaculture has been used to provide the increase of culture area and natural food, improving the water quality of shrimp performance. In order to maximize the survival, feed conversion and final weight of marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, cultured in oligohaline water (>0.5‰) and in heterotrophic system, were evaluated the effect of adding screens as artificial substrate. Post-larvae with 10 days (PL10) were acclimated from 34‰ to 0.5‰, during 12 days. After of the acclimatization process, the postlarvae (PL22) were reared to obtain 0.3±0.1g of weight and then they were transferred to 18 fiberglass tanks (800 L of net volume) and stocked with 150 PL/tanque. The substrate percentage addition (SPA), represents 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300% of bottom area (1m2) and the control “0” SPA, it was evaluated in completely randomized design, with three replicates. During the culture, were used a 40% crude protein (CP) ration during the first 30 days, andanother with 35% CP during the a 15 days, offered daily at 8, 12 and 17 hrs. After 45 days of culture the survival ranged from 45 to 84%, between treatments with 300% and 100% of substrate, respectively. The shrimp final weight, when related to the length orbit and the time of culture, did not present statistical difference between the SPA (P>0.05). In the ratio length and culture time, the treatment 300% was statistical different in the SPA-0, 200 and 250%. In conclusion, the use of artificial substrate increased the variables weight gain, feed conversion ratio, growth rate and survival when using SPA between 87.8 and 166.7%.