Composição química e atividade biológica dos óleos essenciais de frutas cítricas

Abstract

This study evaluated the chemical composition of essential oil of the peel of seven species of Citrus: Oranges: Pêra (Citrus sinensis Osbeck var. Pêra), Lima (Citrus aurantium L.) and Mimo do Céu (Citrus sinensis Osbeck var. Mimo). Mandarins: Cravo (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and Murcot (Citrus sinensis x Citrus reticulata) and Lemons: Sicilian (Citrus limon L. Burm. f.) and Tahiti (Citrus aurantifolia Tanaka), the biological potential of the two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch), the antimicrobial activity against the growth of S. aureus and antifungal activity against the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines. The identification of the compounds of oil was performed by GC-MS showing the main component limonene (38.9% - 86.1%). The test of antibacterial activity showed that only the oil of the lemon peel Tahiti (Citrus aurantifolia Tanaka) showed antimicrobial potential against the growth of S. aureus with a MIC of 75mg/mL. All oil assessed for potential acaricide against the two spotted spider mite were toxic. Most repellents are oils of tangerine cravo (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and Sicilian lemon (Citrus limon L. Burm. f) at a concentration of 0.25% and more fumigant was the Sicilian lemon (Citrus limon L. Burm. f) with a LC50 of 1,44 μL / L air. As the mycelial growth no statistical differences between different treatments, when compared to control, however, deserve emphasis for both fungi studied (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines), oils of Tahiti lemon (Citrus aurantifolia Tanaka) and Sicilian lemon (Citrus limon L. Burm. f).