Estudo do perfil bioquímico, hormonal e anatomopatológico do parênquima hepático e renal em cabras e ovelhas com diagnóstico de toxemia da prenhez.

Abstract

Pregnancy disease (PD) occurs mainly in sheep and goats, supplemented with concentrate, whose expression is due to negative energy balance during the transition period in which the females present in the clinical hyperketonemia, hypoglycemia, ketonuria, anorexia and signs neurological can progress to death. This paper aims to conduct a study of the biochemical and hormonal profile in sheep and goats, and pathology of the liver parenchyma and renal function in sheep with PD diagnosis. We used data (case report forms) and biological materials (serum, plasma and tissue) of 45 sheep and 22 goats that were answered in Bovine Clinic, Campus Garanhuns / UFRPE, diagnosed with PD, from January 2007 to October 2012 . The blood analyzes were: urea, creatinine, albumin, total protein, globulin, β-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose, fructosamine, amylase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), vitamin B12 , folic acid, cortisol, insulin, and total ionized Ca, P, Ca: P ratio, Mg, Na, K. Cl. Besides the characterization of macro and histopathological findings of the liver and kidneys of sheep that died. Urine was examined in the presence of ketones employing the reagent strip commercial. Sheep subjected to necropsy were collected fragments of liver and kidneys for histopathological analysis. Marked clinical abnormalities were observed in goats with high values for urea, creatinine, NEFA, β-hydroxybutyrate, amylase and cortisol, while total protein, albumin, total calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus, the calcium and phosphorus, sodium and insulin were found below the reference values for the species. As for glucose, 77.28% of goats were normoglycemic TP and / or hyperglycemic, while only 22.72% were hypoglycemic. The results of the sheep revealed elevated levels of urea, creatinine, glucose, fructosamine, NEFA's, β-hydroxybutyrate, cortisol, chlorine, AST, GGT amylase and folic acid as the variable insulin, total calcium, ionized calcium and potassium were values below the reference values for the species. As for glucose, 82.90% of the sheep were normoglycemic with PD and / or hyperglycemic, while only 17.10% were hypoglycemic. With regard to the macroscopic group of sheep with lower body score showed an increase of the liver, and yellowing and the cutting surface, while the sheep with higher body score these findings were more intense. Kidney was observed on the surface in some pallor of lean animals and light yellowish in animal fat. Regarding histological alterations, it was found in animals with lower body condition, liver vacuolated ranging from rare discreet. As the renal injury, rare tubular vacuolation of epithelial cells were observed in 28,57%. In sheep with higher body condition scores greater percentage of vacuolation in the liver was observed and ranged from moderate to severe. Regarding renal lesions, 33.33% of the animals showed severe lesion vacuolization of tubular epithelial cells. Marked clinical and metabolic changes were observed in goats and sheep PD, in which the increase of the energy profile certain metabolites and hormones are important diagnostic tools for assessing the magnitude of negative energy balance and the clinical condition of the animals. In sheep PD causes significant changes in renal parenchyma, characterized by vacuolization of cells that are associated tubular body condition score of the animal.