Utilização de probiótico (Bacillus spp.) na larvicultura do camarão marinho Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

This dissertation consisted of two studies and was divided into two papers, the first evaluated the influence of the addition of probiotic Bacillus spp. in the larviculture of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, while the second compared the use of probiotic and antibiotic in the postlarvae culture of the species. For the first study, three experiments were performed: (I) Nauplios4-5 to Zoea3, where they were exposed to probiotic through water (Pw), microalgae (Pm), water and microalgae (Pwm) and control without probiotic (C); (II) Mysis1 to Mysis3, exposed to probiotic through the water (Pw), Artemia (Pa), water and Artemia (Pwa) and control (C) and (III) PL1 to PL10,subject to the same treatments of experiment II. The water quality parameters showed no significant differences among treatments of each experiment. In general, the weight and survival of shrimp in the treatments with probiotic were significantly higher compared with controls in experiments I and II, but this difference was not observed among treatments of experiment III. The concentration of Vibrio spp. both in the water and postlarvae in experiment III was significantly higher in control compared with treatments with the use of probiotic. Already in experiments I and II, the concentration of Vibrio spp. in the water did not differ among treatments, however, Mysis3 larvae treated with probiotic had a lower concentration of Vibrio spp. compared with the control. In the second study, postlarvae (PL1 to PL10) were cultured in three treatments, corresponding to a biological treatment (TB), which was added probiotic Bacillus spp., chemical treatment (TQ) with the addition of antibiotic (erythromycin) and a control (TC), without both products in the culture water. The water quality parameters, as well as the zootechnical performance of postlarvae (weight, total length and survival) did not differ among treatments. However, the final concentrations of Vibrio spp. both in the culture water and postlarvae were significantly reduced with the use of probiotic (TB) in relation to other treatments. Based on the results obtained in the two studies, suggested that the use of probiotic Bacillus spp. in the larviculture of shrimp L. vannamei can provide an increase in the growth and survival of animals, but mainly provides a reduction in the concentration of Vibrio spp. in the culture system. Furthermore, the use of probiotic has great potential to replace the use of antibiotic in the culture of L. vannamei postlarvae.