Aplicação de métodos de conservação e análise bromatológica e microbiológica do hidrolisado proteico obtido a partir de resíduos do processamento de tilápia Oreochromis niloticus em diferentes temperaturas de armazenamento

Abstract

Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus is one of the most widely cultivated species and the fillet is the main product for sale corresponding between 30 and 40% of the animal weight, the remainder being considered residue when discarded represent a serious environmental. These byproducts are high in protein and production of FPH (fish protein hydrolysed) represents an alternative for these residues. The present study aims to investigate the efficacy of different conservation methods in the elimination of pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in fish protein hydrolysate obtained from the by-products of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The FPHs were subject at dry heat sterilization, moist heat, acidification (citric acid), gamma irradiation and studied at different storage temperatures. Microbiological analyzes were performed by count of mesophilics and psychrotrophics and search of pathogens and spoilage. The hydrolysates remained free of microbial contamination for 60 days, excepting the control showed values of 3.0 X 107 CFU/ml after 24 hours and FPH citric acid 30 °C reached 5.0 X 10² CFU/ml after 9 storage days. The results of microbiological analyses from hydrolysates treated by conservation methods were negative for coliforms at 45 ºC, Coagulase-positive staphylococci, Salmonella spp, yeast and mold, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, excepting the FPH citric acid 4 °C, citric acid 30 °C and control that showed 9.5 x 103, 1.5 x 102 and 8.7 X 10² CFU/ml for yeast and mold respectively. The content of protein and lipid, in the most of the hydrolysates was not affected during storage. The treatments performed on hydrolysates were efficient in respect to the presence of pathogens confer food security by 60 days.