Efeitos de vírus sobre características agronômicas em vinhedos, incidência viral em matrizeiros e caracterização de isolados de vírus de videira, roseira e pessegueiro

Abstract

The grapevine (Vitis spp.) virus diseases affect severely the production, the quality of the grape and reduce the life of the vineyards. In Brazil, among them, the complexes of rugose wood caused by Grapevine virus A (GVA), Grapevine virus B (GVB) and Grapevine virus D (GVD) and the leafroll, caused by Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus -1 to -4, -4 strain 5 (GLRaV-1 to -4, -4 strain 5) are very important. The first part of the present work had the objectives of evaluating the effects of these viruses on agronomic traits, such as, fresh weight of the bunch, °Brix, weight of pruned branches, stem diameters of rootstock and canopy, in symptomatic and asymptomatic plants in Niagara Rosada and Merlot vineyards, and to survey commercial nurseries for GRSPaV, GVA, GVB, Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) and GLRaV-3. All plants were indexed by real-time RT-PCR. Asymptomatic infected grapevines, however, were affected negatively by the viral infection, but to a lesser intensity in comparison with the symptomatic ones. The nurseries presented a high incidence of GRSPaV and GVA, being characterized as sources of inoculum for vineyards formed with these materials. The second part of the work aimed the molecular characterization of isolates of the following viruses: Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), agent of rose mosaic (Rosa sp.), obtained from rose; GRSPaV, GVA and GLRaV-2, from symptomatic and asymptomatic grapevine plants. Despite the economic importance of PNRSV for stone fruit trees in Brazil, only peach isolates have been molecular characterized in Brazil, it was observed high percentages of identity, among the isolates GRSPaV, GVA and GLRaV-2, which made it difficult to explain the variation in symptom expression or their absence, based on the sequence differences. In this study, it was conducted, for the first time, the molecular characterization of the complete genes to the coat protein (CP) and movement protein (MP) of a Brazilian PNRSV isolate obtained from rose. The obtained results demonstrated the high importance of using virus-free propagative materials to achieve the highest agronomic potential of the grapevine cultivars and to reduce losses caused by these pathogens.