Epidemiologia das infecções por Brucella abortus,Brucella ovis, Chlamydophila abortus e Toxoplasma gondii em rebanhos ovinos no estado de Alagoas

Abstract

The objective of this study was to study the production, hygienicalsanitary and reproduction aspects, and the epidemiology bacterial infectious (brucellosis and clamidofilosis) and parasitic (toxoplasmosis) diseases involved in reproduction disturbs in sheep in the state of Alagoas. Twenty seven properties distributed in twenty three municipalities in the state of Alagoas were studied. To the study of the the production, hygienical-sanitary and reproduction aspects, investigative questionnaires involving questions related to the properties were applied and analyzed. To the anti-Brucella abortus antibodies search the Tamponated Acidified Antigen, Modified Tamponated Acidified Antigen and Complement Fixation Reaction techniques were used. The agreement among the tests used in the Brucella abortus infection diagnosis was verified using the Kappa coefficient. For the study of Brucella ovis infection, the immunodiffusion technique in gelatinous agar was employed. To the anti-Chlamydophila abortus antibodies search the Complement Fixation Reaction technique with a 1:32 cutoff point was used. TheToxoplasma gondii infection diagnosis was done based on the indirect immunoflorescency technique considering the cutoff point of 1:64. To the study of risk factors associated with the Clamydophila abortus and Toxosplama gondii infection were selected variables related to properties characteristics, hygienical-sanitary management and reproduction disturbs. The analysis of the sanitary and socio-economic profile allowed to observe that the sheep creator from Alagoas is an individual with reasonable degree of education, that need information about the nutritional, reproductive and sanitary management and they still suffer the effects of the infectious and parasitic diseases occurrence, highlighting the miscarriage and reproduction disturbs. The utilization of biological techniques of reproduction is still ignorant, mainly assembles a natural in most herds studied. It was not observed positive animals to B. abortus and the agreement among the RB, RBm tests comparing to the FCR test was weak (K = 0.00; 0.00). From an amount of two hundred and seventy nine analyzed samples to B. ovis, it was observed that nine (3.2%) were positive and two hundred and seventy (96.8%) negative, distributed in six herds (37.5%) and in sixmunicipalities (46.2%). It was not possible to observe any significant statistics differences among sex, age, region, property size, creation management, significant association was observed for a historical of the reproduction disturbs (p<0,001). The results referents to the C. abortus shown that 59/274 (21.5%) were positive and 187 (68.3%) negative, noting77.7% of focus infection. The only variable that presented a significant association within the multivariate analysis statistics was the region (p<0.001; OR=3.48; I.C. 1.79 – 6.76). To the T. gondii infection, it was possible to see a significant association among the variables: age (OR=4.01; I.C. 2.03 – 7.94), property size (OR=0.48; I.C. 0.26 – 0.90), semi-intensive creation system (OR=3.17; I.C. 1.24 – 8.13), current water fount (OR=3.13; I.C. – 1.66 – 5.87), and the presence of cats (OR=1.72; I.C. 1.08 – 2.75). Based on the obtained results of the sero-epidemiologic inquiry, the conclusion is that the animals are exposed to the B. ovis, C. abortus e T. gondii infection with different epidemiological meanings in the studied population. Sanitary measures and works in health promotion should be encouraged aiming the prevention and control of the dissemination of these important agents in animal and public health.