Mineralogia de solos e sua relação com a fertilidade natural na transição mata-agreste norte do estado de Pernambuco.

Abstract

The work has the objective to study the influence of the parent material in morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of soils in the transition between the Mata Norte Region and the Agreste Region of Pernambuco State, Brazil. The counties of São Vicente Ferrer and Macaparana were choosen as the place of the study due to its great soil diversification, cultivated with banana, the main culture of the region. On these places were open four profiles, witch were morphologically characterized, and disturbed and undisturbed samples were collected from the horizons to proceed physical, chemical and mineralogical analysis. The level of available macronutrients (N,P, K, Ca and Mg) and micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Ni) were measured. The soils were classified according to the Brazilian Soil Classification System. The results concluded that the soils of the region has different pedogenetic evolution, the CHERNOSOL (Mollisol) is the less developed soil and the LATOSOL (Oxisol) the more developed. According to the chemical analysis, the fertility of the soils follows the order Profile 1>Profile 2>Profile 3>Profile 4. The mineral assemblage indicates potential supply of nutrients to plants. Differences between iron oxide types maybe is related to environmental conditions, and the low pH at profile 4. The CHERNOSOL is rich in primary minerals, with great nutrition potential. The LATOSOL is a profile with low nutrition potential, low base saturation and low fertility, it has a low mineral reserve, but presents different trace elements that can work as nutrient supply. Mica, vermiculite and kaolinite are the main secondary minerals found in the soils. The profiles are distinct in their mineralogical composition, the CHERNOSOL has unusual anphiboles percentage, the YELLOW ARGISOL (Ultisol) presents minerals with low degree of weathering and clear presence of manganese oxides, the RED-YELLOW ARGISOL with its magnetic attraction and the LATOSOL, wicth is the one that presents more differenciated trace minerals.