Gênese de lamelas em uma litotopossequência no semiárido brasileiro

Abstract

The lamellae’s genesis in soils is related to geogenetics processes, pedogenetic or even pedogeogenetics. The presence and expression of this feature is important to crop production due to increased capacity and retention or reduction in evaporation of water from the soil. Even though the lamellae has common occurrence, little is known about its genesis in the Agreste of Pernambuco and how they vary in their properties (thickness, composition, distribution, etc.). Thus, the objective of this work is to identify and characterize the main mechanisms involved in the formation of lamellae along a litotoposequence in southern Pernambuco’s Agreste. For this we used collecting spots, with regular spacing between them, associated with an adaptation of the structural analysis of soil cover proposed by Boulet (1993), which provided an understanding of the distribution of horizons and lamellae along the slope. Augers were made to separate the segments within the litotoposequence, allowing allocation and collection of representative profiles to each segment. Morphological, chemical, physical, physical-hydric, sedimentological, mineralogical and micromorphological analysis were held in the profiles and in selected horizons. In general, it was observed that the formation of lamellae is pedogenetic, given the sieving clays promoted by more enclosed areas of fine sand grains resulting from the disintegration of quartz polycrystalline. The first formed lamellae were from the surface and the formation is controlled by the water flow. The thickness of the lamellae directly related to the spacing in the areas between lamellaes. Saturating Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+ bring upon the lamellae stability within the segments. The lamellae provide greater water retention and act as chemical filters, with high base saturation. The advance in depth is the result of moisture maintenance, and the aluminum saturation controls the non-development of new lamellae. The hillside has caulinitic domain, due to the good drainage of the soils.