Monitoria patológica e inquérito epidemiológico para avaliação da infecção por helmintos e coccídios em suínos de abatedouros da Região Metropolitana de Recife e Zona da Mata do estado de Pernambuco

Abstract

Researchers and veterinarians who work in swine production in Brazil have a good idea of existing health problems, especially in your own area of expertise. Due to the short production cycle and the clinical or subclinical character in many of the diseases that affect pigs, there was the possibility of using the slaughterhouse as an important source of epidemiological data on the incidence and prevalence of disease in flocks, making the monitoring of animals in slaughter houses one of the most important sources of information to obtain data to assess the health situation of production systems for pigs with the aim of obtaining statistics on incidence or prevalence of limiting diseases affecting pigs. Thus, this work was developed to analyze the association between the frequency of infection with helminths and coccidia and property characteristics, and evaluate lesions in organs of pigs in slaughterhouses of the metropolitan area of Recife and of the (“Zona da Mata”) of Pernambuco, Brazil. The work was done in three slaughterhouses of the inspection system state, located in the metropolitan area of Recife and in the (“Zona da Mata”) of Pernambuco state, from July 2008 to May 2009. A total of 715 pigs were analyzed, from eight industrial farms and three of subsistence. The count of eggs / oocysts in the feces was calculated and larval culture for diagnosis of infection by gastrointestinal parasites in fecal samples was performed. Inspection of the viscera for examination of lesions and collection of material for histopathological examination were carried out. A questionnaire was used to ascertain the situation of the farms. The positivity for helminths was 2.7%(12/447), predominantly Strongyloidea type eggs. The presence ofoocysts was detected in 6.5% (29/447),including Eimeria spp and Isospora suis. The gross lesions predominated in lung with 43.8% (313/715), followed by 4.7% (35/715) for liver and kidneys with 2.6% (19/715), with higher frequencies respectively for pneumonia, milk spots and hydronephrosis. Histopathologically, granulomatous pneumonia predominated; in the livers with milk spots it was observed sinusoidal congestion, granulomatous inflammatory foci, peri-granulomatous hepatitis, and eosinophilic infiltration in the interlobular spaces, and in kidney, chronic interstitial nephritis. There was a significant association (p <0.05) with the variables related to management of facilities, particularly sanitary aspects, both the rates of parasitism by helminths and coccidia as to the frequency of milk spots and lung lesions.