Culicidofauna em resquício de Mata Atlântica do Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil.

Abstract

The insects from culicidae family are present in different habitats since homes until places of habitation of domestics animals. The State of Pernambuco is considered endemic for various diseases transmitted by Culicidae. This is the first survey about culicids in the Municipality of Cabo de Santo Agostinho. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of different species of Culicidae in the Cabo de Santo Agostinho county located in Rainforest Zone of Pernambuco, Brazil. For this purpose, the larvae of culicidae from 3rd and 4th instars were collected weekly during the period from October 2012 to September 2013. Twenty-three artificial traps were distributed and installed in domiciliary environments, peridomiciliary and within the forest, 20 meters away between them. The larvae were collected and transported in plastic containers containing water. When the larvae arrived in the laboratory were identified. A total of 12,718 culicids larvae (average of 1059.83 specimens / month) were collected during study period. The largest number of specimens was detected in September 2013 (n = 4,084) and lowest in December 2012 (n = 86). Notably, 2,441 (19.2%), 7,098 (55.9%) and 3,179 (24.9%) larvae were collected in domiciliary, peridomiciliary environments and at forest, respectively. In relation to the placement of traps (peridomicile and forest) 8,585 (67.5%) specimens were collected on the floor and 1,692 (13.3%) in the treetop. Ten different species of Culicidae were identified, the more often was Aedes albopictus (46.45%; 5,908/12,718), Culex maxi (35.56%; 4,523/12,718) and Limatus durhami (12.58%; 1,600/12,718). Interestingly, Ae. albopictus was the only species detected throughout all the study period (average of 492 specimens / month). In distributed traps in domicile environments Ae. albopictus was responsible for 95.58% (2,333/2,441) of the samples, while the predominance in around peridomicile (floor) traps were Cx maxi (73.22%; 4,523/6,177) species and (treetop) Ae. albopictus (97.94%, 902/921). The presence of Oc. scapularis was exclusively observed in the peridomicile floor traps, demonstrating the preference of this species in this local. This is very worrying, because this specie is epidemiologically important as vector in filariasis and arboviruses transmission. Thus, there is a need of evaluate the vector competence of the Oc. scapularis population of Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pernambuco for D. immitis, W. bancrofti and arboviruses, considering epidemiologics aspects and public health importance. Although Ae. albopictus, the most common specie in the studied area, has presented two population peaks from February to April and from June to September, it is also possible to conclude that the human and animal populations who live in studied area are exposed to culicids and pathogenics agents, especially, after the rains. Therefore, control and prevention measures of culicids should be adopted in the studied area in order to reduce the health impact of endemic species here reported.