Evidências culturais e biológicas de uma paisagem transformada no cerrado brasileiro (Latu sensu) : um olhar através da etnoecologia de paisagem

Abstract

Cultural landscape can be defined as landscapes derived from anthropogenic activities, with which people establish cosmological, sacred, historical relationship and many activities types. From these interactions emerges modified landscapes and local knowledge according to the needs of each human group, and research on these aspects help to understand about the historical use of these landscapes and make predictions aiming its conservation. Thus, this study sought to understand what criteria people use to classify landscapes, understanding the effects of anthropogenic landscapes in the management of FLONA-Araripe from biological evidence and perceptions of the surrounding communities and employees as well as checking as variables interfered with local knowledge about these landscapes. For this we used semi-structured interviews with 106 people living around the FLONA-Araripe, with seven employees of the conservation unit, plus a list-free landscapes and species of useful plants known, the community mapping and history graph. Biological evidence was accessed through floristic survey, soil analysis and aerial imagery of the managed areas in two temporal clippings. The main results of this study, was observed that the studied population establishes close relationships with the landscape, as they classify for utility issues and these designations indicate on your management process, as was evidenced in biological data. Moreover, it was observed that the anthropogenic effects on the landscapes of FLONA-Araripe, the votes favored plant species in the past tense, and currently the abundance of these species is in decline due to specific environmental and anthropogenic factors. Finally, employee perceptions about the occurrence of fires in managed areas, revealed the historical use and conflicts of interest in the conservation of these areas among the local population and the managers of the Unit. Thus, theoretical view point these results elucidate issues related to the classification of landscape processes, since it was found that these occur by utilitarian issues, and contribute to understanding the effects of management on current landscapes, seen that demystifies the idea of unspoiled forests, showing that FLONA-Araripe consists of a set of human altered landscapes and human activities can both contribute to the increase in the abundance of useful species, as the depletion of this species. From a practical view point, our results delineate future perspectives on forest landscape that will assist both the management of protected area, as local cultures that depend on the use of forest resources.