Taxonomia e distribuição dos representantes da ordem Nemaliales na Costa do Nordeste brasileiro

Abstract

The Order is represented by Nemaliales cylindrical or slightly flattened, branched, and multiaxial organization. These organisms are distributed mainly between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn (Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans). The highest number for species the Brazilian coast is located in the Northeast (19 species), followed by the Southeast (16 species) and southern (3 species). Aiming to validate the species included in this order, this study focused on the morphological characters combined with molecular biology. The material was collected in the intertidal area during daytime low tides, from October 2007 to December 2009. The collections were supplemented by examination of herbarium collections of national, assisting in the understanding of morphological variability and phytogeographical distribution of species on the coast of northeastern Brazil. Were identified 12 species of the order Nemaliales to the coast of northeastern Brazil: Ganonema farinosum (J.V. Lamour.) K.C. Fan & Yung C. Wang, Liagora ceranoides J.V. Lamour., Nemalion helminthoides (Velley) Batters, Titanophycus validus (Harvey) Huisman, G.W. Saunders & R.A. Sherwood and Trichogloea requienii (Dub.) Kütz. (Liagoraceae); Dichotomaria marginata (J. Ellis & Sol.) J.V. Lamour, D. obtusata (J. Ellis & Sol.) J.V. Lamour, Galaxaura rugosa (J. Ellis & Sol.) J.V. Lamour, Tricleocarpa cylindrica (J. Ellis & Sol) Huisman & Borow., T. fragilis (L.) Huisman & A. R. Townsed. and Galaxaura sp. (Galaxauraceae) and S. furcellata (Turner) J. Agardh (Scinaiaceae). Of these 12 species, DNA extractions were performed for 40 samples, however it was possible to obtain PCR product to 27. We generated sequences of plastid Universal Amplicon (UPA) for 27 samples and the gene that encodes the large subunit (rbcL) of the enzyme ribulose - 1,5 - bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) for 11 samples. Among the samples selected for amplification of rbcL, just for the taxon Galaxaura sp. collected on the beach of Beef, Pernambuco, it was not possible to amplify. For the other samples amplified and sequenced the size of the UPA and rbcL gene, including the PCR primers was 411 nucleotides and 1362, respectively. From the morphology combined with molecular biology, this study suggests three new species, besides the delimitation of the others.