Potencial antioxidante do mix de farinhas de resíduos da agroindústria

Abstract

Considering the excessive production of agro-industrial waste materials that still holds bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties, this study aimed to evaluate the phenolic content and the antioxidant potential of the mixture of flour of pineapple waste, acerola and guava. Waste, whom a frozen fruit pulp industry, were dried in an oven with air circulation at 40°C. After dehydration were crushed and sieved (16 mesh) to obtain uniform particle size of meals were submitted to analytical determination to quantify the moisture content, protein, lipids, fixed mineral residue (ash), and total carbohydrates. Then, by applying to the experimental design mixtures (simplex centroid), residues combined in different proportions were added to 60% ethanol and water and subjected to shaking (400rpm) at a temperature of 60°C for 30 min to obtain extracts of hydroethanol and watery, respectively, and in response to concentration of phenolic and the scavenging capacity of DPPH radical of the extracts. Defined the proportions of the waste that results in the highest extraction of phenolic compounds, the residues were also subjected to extraction with methanol (60%) and acetone (60%) under the same conditions. In these extracts were quantified total phenolics and the ability to kidnap the DPPH and ABTS radicals. Flours waste presented moisture content <10 g 100g-1, ash content, proteins, lipids and total carbohydrates ranging from 1,71 to 2,47 g 100g-1; 0,78 to 0,95 g 100g-1; From 1,61 to 8,66 g 100g-1 and 100g 83,69 to 89,19 g-1, respectively. The mixture of planning has shown that, regardless of the solvent extractor, the highest amount of phenolic can be extracted to use 100% of acerola residue; 50% acerola residue + 50% of guava residue; 50% acerola residue + 50% pineapple residue, and the mixture of the three residues in equal proportions. The hydroethanol extracts showed DPPH radical scavenging capacity greater than 80% while their aqueous extracts value reached less than 65%. Larger quantities of phenolic these mixtures were extracted using 60% acetone, however, due to the necessity of removal of the solvent, with a view to use it in food, it was observed that the solvent evaporation process caused a significant reduction in the content of the extracted phenolic. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts of these mixtures against the ABTS radical was higher for acetone extract with waste acerola (67,75 μM Trolox/g flour). The aqueous extracts of mixtures of flour waste acerola and guava as well as mixtures of acerola and pineapple showed a strong positive correlation (r=0,9666 and r=0,9632, respectively) between the concentration of phenolic and the ability antioxidant extracts. The results demonstrated the feasibility of using mixtures of waste and 60% ethanol for extraction of phenolic with prospects to apply them in food.