Bactérias associadas a variedades de cana-de-açúcar cultivadas em Pernambuco: diversidade genética e produção de ácido indol acético

Abstract

The association between bacteria and plants is considered extremely important because it may promote the plant development by providing nutrients, protection, and production of plant growth promoting substances like indole acetic acid (IAA). The sugarcane production is under a great economic and agricultural importance, and increasing its production still depending on several chemical inputs that are expensive and environmentally damaging. A sustainable alternative is the use of beneficial bacteria that may diminish or abolish the use of these inputs and increase agricultural production. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: i) selecting and evaluating IAA producing bacteria, dependent and independent pathway of tryptophan, sugarcane roots plant association in crop fields in Pernambuco, ii) evaluate the influence of niche isolation, the place of cultivation, the cultivation time and host plant genotype on frequency and IAA-producing bacteria; iii) Analyze the genetic variability of IAA-producing bacteria by BOX-PCR, and iv) assess the noncultivable bacterial community sugarcane ratoon-associated v) Evaluate the production of IAA, two endophytic bacteria according to the time. Isolates were studied at four and ten months sugarcane plant cultivation, collected in EECAC Carpina-PE and Petribú factory,Lagoa de Itaenga-PE and isolates from three months on sugarcane plant-ratoon regrowth, collected in EECAC. The results showed that plants from sugarcane crop fields in Pernambuco have a high frequency of bacteria producing IAA in vitro by a tryptophan-dependent and independent pathways, the crop place, cultivation time of the host plant and niche colonization. Bacterial influence on the distribution of IAA-producing bacteria. In addition, the location, time of cultivation of the host plant genotype and bacterial niche colonization influenced the production levels. The strains showed high genetic variability. In sugarcane plant-ratoon, the bacterial population density was higher than in the rizhosphericsoil and root-endophytic bacteria also showed a high frequency capacity to produce IAA in vitro. Analysis of variability and genetic diversity revealed high genetic variability among bacteria producing IAA and the predominance of dominant bacterial groups not grown in soil and inside the roots of sugarcane plant-ratoon grown in Pernambuco. Some strains of root endophytic sugarcane plant, with capacity to produce IAA, were identified as belonging to the genus Enterobacter and Burkholderia