Bactérias diazotróficas e adubação molíbdica na contribuição da fixação biológica de N2 em cana planta

Abstract

The Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) realized by diazotrophics bacterias in sugarcane has variable and somewhat inconsistent results, which has limited the use of inoculants. The BNF is catalyzed by the enzyme nitrogenase, which has in its constitution the MoFe- protein component. Thus, the use of molybdenum (Mo) in plants inoculated with atmospheric nitrogen N2 fixing bacteria can be used as an alternative to elevate the increments of BNF in non-leguminous crops such as sugarcane. The method of the 15N isotope dilution currently employed to quantify the BNF sugarcane, used as reference plant species with growth physiology and running N distinct absorption, which increases the variation and reduces the reliability of the results. In the context, two studies were carried out, the first one was to evaluate the main specimens of reference plants in the quantification of FBN for sugarcane and the second study was to evaluate the contribution of molybdenum fertilizer in increasing BNF by bacteria diazotrophic inoculated in the plant cane. The interaction of Mo in FBN was evaluated by the nitrogenase enzyme activity and the method of isotopic dilution from soil enrichment with 2% of 15N atoms, using sugarcane fertilized with nitrogen as the reference plant. The experiment was conducted in pots with a sandy soil. In the first experiment, the species most commonly used as a reference plant was compared to sugarcane fertilized and non-fertilized with N, using a completely randomized design, with four repetitions. The second experiment evaluated the interaction between nitrogen fertilization, Mo and inoculants containing diazotrophs using factorial arrangement of 2 x 2 x 3, statistical design of randomized blocks with four repetitions. The sugarcane fertilized with N had the lowest dilution of 15N, indicating restriction of FBN and its recommendation as plant control. The guinea grass (Panicum maximum L.) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) showed high FBN, which makes them not recommended as species control to quantify the N2 fixed by the method of isotopic dilution of 15N. The use of micronutrient Mo interacted positively with the diazotrophs inoculated in the growth and development of plant cane, as well as in the BNF. However, the increases were not found sufficient to meet the total requirement of N, showing the importance of nitrogen fertilizer to plant sugarcane.