Detecção de Rickettsia spp. em Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) e Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché, 1835) (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)

Abstract

Rickettsial diseases are zoonotic infections caused by gram-negative bacteria of the family Rickettsiaceae which are transmitted by several ectoparasites such as ticks belonging to the genus Amblymomma, however, the species Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) and Ctenocephalides felis felis have been reported as potential vectors.The aim of this study was to detect Rickettsia spp. DNA in R. sanguineus s.l. and C. felis felis through molecular examination (Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR). A total of 728 ectoparasites were collected of 155 dogs from the states of Pernambuco (municipalities of Recife and Bezerros) and Alagoas (municipalities of Viçosa and Arapiraca) were used in this study. All specimens were morphologically identified (R. sanguineus s.l. and C. felis felis), separated in pools (n = 3) and analyzed molecularly through PCR. Out of the 136 pools of R. sanguineus s.l. analyzed, 20.58% (28/136) and 80 pools of C. felis felis analyzed 31.20% (39/80) it was observed amplification fragment of 401 bp compatible with Rickettsia spp. In relation to the positivity of ectoparasites in the municipalities studied, it was observed that R. sanguineus s.l. was positive in the Metropolitan Area of Recife (20.49%) and Bezerros (22.22%), however in the state of Alagoas was not observed the positivity for Viçosa municipality, but, Arapiraca got 25% positive. With regard to C. felis felis it was observed that in Pernambuco 54.54% of samples were positive being derived from Metropolitan Area of Recife, while Bezerros municipality was not observed amplification of the fragment compatible with Rickettsia spp. In Alagoas, it was observed 12.50% of positivity for Arapiraca and 50.00% for Viçosa. This study reports, for the first time, the detection of Rickettsia spp. in R. sanguineus s.l. parasitizing dogs from the state of Pernambuco and R. sanguineus s.l. and C. felis felis parasitizing dogs from the state of Alagoas. Although there are no reports of Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) in the areas studied, the presence of infected ticks and fleas suggests the circulation of the pathogen between vertebrate hosts and vectors.