http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/8547 2025-10-23T00:50:10Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9754 Título: Distribuição geográfica, modelagem de nicho ecológico e taxonomia de espécies endêmicas de Manihot Mill. no Nordeste do Brasil Autor: CONTENTO, Karen Yuliana Suarez Primeiro orientador: SOUZA, Sarah Maria Athiê de Abstract: Among the taxa of Euphorbiaceae, Manihot Mill. stands out for its great cultural, economic and social importance for Brazil. The genus includes about 150 species and has a Neotropical distribution, with the Amazon being its probable center of origin. Brazil has approximately 120 species, of which approximately 100 are endemic. Endemic species of Manihot constitute a plant genetic heritage that can be used in breeding programs for the cultivable species Manihot esculenta, through the transfer of genes of interest, helping to solve several problems, such as intolerance to periods of drought, high temperatures, low protein and pest content. At the same time, wild populations, especially endemic species, are under constant threat due to habitat destruction and climate change. In this work, we aim to identify the distribution patterns of Manihot species endemic to the Brazilian Northeast under current and future climate scenarios (accentuation of climate change) associated with a taxonomic study, evaluate the potential effects of climate change on the geographical distribution of endemic species of genus Manihot in Northeast Brazil and confirm the presence of the suitability area in protected areas in the future. In the first chapter, the results of the taxonomic study are presented, including descriptions, illustrations, lectotypification, conservation status, distribution and richness of endemic species of Northeastern Brazil. Fifteen endemic species were recognized, five of which were lectotypified (M. dichotoma, M. jacobinensis, M. maracasensis, M. reniformis and M. zehntneri). Among the studied species, 80% are in some category of threat, 13% are near threatened and only 7% fit in the category of least concern. Bahia stands out for the high degree of endemism of Manihot with 14 species. Only one species was found to be endemic to the states of Sergipe and Alagoas. The Caatinga records the highest number of species (8), followed by Cerrado (6) and Atlantic Forest (4). The Serra do Espinhaço, in the Bahia sector, is home to the greatest richness of endemic species in Manihot, and they are especially associated with the Chapada Diamantina National Park. The second chapter presents the results of ecological niche modeling of 11 Manihot endemic species for the Northeast, of which we predict the current and future geographic distribution for the year 2100, using three different general circulation models (CNRM, MIROC and MRI) and two climate change scenarios. We found that 45% and 54% of species could have a partial reduction in their total range potential by the year 2100 in an optimistic and pessimistic scenario, respectively, but some other species will increase their distribution. We found that the area of future suitability for most species is within the boundaries of some protected area. However, species that currently have a restricted distribution, and that their potential range will be reduced in both the optimistic and pessimistic scenarios, need to be prioritized for conservation. This study provides valuable information on the future distribution of the endemic species of Manihot and shows that climate change can have a potential positive or negative effect on the geographic distribution of the species. They also help to understand the distribution of species and can provide subsidies for actions to develop public policies for the conservation of taxa and phytogeographic domains, especially those that are seriously threatened. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2023-02-16T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9730 Título: Efeito dos elicitores metil jasmonato e ácido salicílico nas respostas biométricas, bioquímicas, teor e perfil do óleo essencial de Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) sob restrição hídrica Autor: OLIVEIRA, Jessie Marinho de Primeiro orientador: SPERANDIO, Marcus Vinícius Loss Abstract: Lippia alba is a plant of great pharmacological interest as it has antimicrobial, calming, antioxidant properties, among others. Water restriction (WR) has already managed to positively modulate the Essential Oil of this plant. Elicitors are factors, molecules or agents capable of stimulating the defense system of plants when incorporated by them, which can cause modulations in the production of bioactive compounds. This work seeks to investigate plant responses elicited by Salicylic Acid (SA) and Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA) in combination, associated with WR. Thus, in a greenhouse, L. alba plants were subjected to five elicitation treatments: Control, 1% ethanol Control, 2 mM MeJA, 4 mM SA and 2 mM MeJA + 4 mM SA and subjected to the following regimes water: 70% (Control) and 10% (Severe water restriction) of the vessel capacity. Biometric, biochemical aspects and essential oil content were evaluated. We observed that the control treatments did not differ statistically from each other in any aspect evaluated. Of the results found, the best performances were found in treatments subjected to WR elicited with MeJA+SA and MeJA, respectively. The combined elicitation was able to improve the chlorophyll a and carotenoid content and the essential oil content of L. alba. MeJA was able to increase the levels of chlorophyll b, total chlorophylls and relative water content. SA did not stand out positively in WR conditions. We recommend the use of cross-elicitation of SA and MeJA submitted to WR, as well as elicitation by MeJA, given the effectiveness in increasing the aforementioned parameters. We do not suggest combining SA with WR given the negative effect on the aforementioned parameters. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2024-07-26T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9729 Título: Influência da caprinocultura sobre a assembleia de escorpiões (Arachnida: Scorpiones) da Caatinga Autor: ALMEIDA, Thayna Rhayane de Brito Primeiro orientador: MOURA, Geraldo Jorge de Abstract: Exploration of natural vegetation has a direct effect on environmental quality in several regions, especially those included I the Brazilian semi-arid region. In the Caatinga, the largest range of Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest in South America, anthropic activities are one of the main conservation issues of the biome. Among the anthropic activities carried out in the Caatinga, the goat breeding is the most harmful to the natural vegetation quality. This is mainly due to the management of pasture goat farming in the region. Free grazing compromises the structure of the habitat where goats occur, and consequently leads to the imbalance of other animals, especially habitat-dependent species, such as scorpions. Therefore, this work evaluated the potential effects caused by goat-free grazing on the Caatinga scorpion assemblage. Specifically, the goat-effects farming on the diversity (richness, abundance, and composition) of the scorpion assemblage as well as the body condition of the animals were measured. Sampling took place in three municipalities located in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. In each municipality, 24 transects were installed (6 in areas with influence by goats and 6 without the goat influence) with 10mx30m, apart by 20m each. Active searches were carried out at night (19:00-22:00h) with the aid of UV flashlights. Each transect was covered for one hour by a pair of collectors. In total, 396 scorpions distributed in six species were collected. Our results showed that scorpion’s diversity was significantly affected by goat farming, with richness and abundance being reduced in areas influenced by goats. Species composition was also affected, favoring habitat-generalist species over habitat-specialist species. Finally, the body condition of scorpions was negatively affected by the presence of goats, with scorpions having smaller body size and mass. The free grazing of goats in areas of Caatinga natural vegetation resulted in a simplification of the environment structure, negatively impacting the assemblage of scorpions. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2024-02-28T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9728 Título: Análises multicriteriais dos efeitos da exposição ao óleo cru em organismos recifais Autor: VASCONCELOS, Bruna Cristina Ferreira Primeiro orientador: GOMES, Paula Braga Abstract: Reefs are habitats rich in biodiversity but vulnerable to pollutants such as crude oil, which cause morphological, behavioral, physiological and genetic damage to organisms due to the bioaccumulation of hydrocarbons and metals. The objective of this study is to evaluate, both in situ and ex situ, the toxic effects of oil exposure on Palythoa variabilis, a common cnidarian in Brazilian reefs. Initially, a systematic literature review was conducted to gather current data on the acute effects of crude oil on Cnidaria. The search covered articles published between 2013 and 2023 using the terms: “crude oil” AND acute AND (Cnidaria OR coral) and the classes that compose the phylum. Twenty-eight articles were retrieved, highlighting the limited number of studies, with 2022 being the most productive year. The articles focus on evaluating responses from the major groups of adult cnidarians (Class Anthozoa, Order Scleractinia) and are experimental, but they present varied methodologies, indicating a need for standardization. The approaches are employed independently, making it essential to analyze the relationships between bioaccumulation and effects on health, behavior, physiology, genetics and different taxa, so studies on the topic need to fill these gaps. Subsequently, the in situ effect of oil was evaluated, analyzing the relationship between PAHs and elements in the sediments and bioaccumulated by P. variabilis from two beaches in Pernambuco (Muro Alto - directly impacted by the 2019 oil spill and Serrambi - indirectly impacted) and the oil sludge that reached the Brazilian coast, assessing the generation of oxidative stress and genetic damage in the animals. There is a correlation between the composition of PAHs in the sediments of both beaches and in the oil sludge. The elements Ba, Cd, Cu, Pb, As, and V bioaccumulated are correlated with oxidative and genetic damage. In the sediments, Al, Cu, Ni, and Co are correlated with oxidative damage. The main PAHs responsible for inducing biological responses were bioaccumulated fluorene and phenanthrene in the sediments. Finally, ex situ analyses of the effect of PAHs from crude oil on P. variabilis were conducted. Polyps collected in Serrambi (PE) and acclimated were exposed to WAF for 96 hours (25% WAF, 12.5% WAF and control group). Acute exposure induces behavioral alterations, oxidative stress, and sublethal genetic damage. These results have potential for use in oil spill damage mitigation strategies by providing the mechanisms of sublethal responses of the animals, strengthening efforts to conserve reef ecosystems. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2024-05-31T00:00:00Z