http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/7821 2026-04-08T23:50:45Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9314 Título: Ingestão de microplástico por Leptodactylus macrosternum Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926 (Amphibia: Anura) Autor: CAMPOS, Thamires Freitas Primeiro orientador: CAVALCANTI, Jacqueline Santos Silva Abstract: Microplastics are another type of contaminant of concern today, abundant in all ecosystems, have high potential for contamination, derived from larger plastics or for the right use, are produced on a large scale, because they are derived from materials with wide use, in addition to having low degradation capacity, they are discarded inappropriately causing problems for many organisms. Although amphibians can be subject to contamination, being exposed in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, there are few studies on the ingestion of these contaminants. They are animals that are indicators of environmental health and the global population decline is caused by multiple stressors, such as habitat loss, temperature warming, parasites, herbicides, heavy metals and diseases. These environmental contaminants are important contributors to understanding the decline of the world population, as well as microplastics. This work aimed to report one more type of contaminant to the group of amphibians. 120 individuals of Leptodactylus macrosternum were collected in two areas in municipalities in Pernambuco. During March 26 to April 5, 2019 (rainy season) and September 17 to October 22, 2019 (dry season). Of the total number of individuals collected, almost 86% had microplastics in their stomach contents, totaling 449 particles. Ingestions occurred accidentally during the capture of food items. There was no significant difference between the areas studied and seasonality did not interfere with intake for this work. The types of materials and colors of the particles found in all collected samples were similar to the studies found in the literature for ingestion of other organisms, even aquatic, with blue fibers/filaments being the most representative. The need to combat these contaminants is urgent, we must have a radical change in our attitudes regarding the decrease in the use and proper disposal of plastic waste. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2020-02-28T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9313 Título: Efeito tóxico do sulfato de níquel em plântulas de Cereus jamacaru DC (Cactaceae) Autor: MACIEL, Patrícia Menezes Costa Primeiro orientador: SARAIVA, Rogério de Aquino Abstract: Nickel (Ni) is a naturally occurring internal transition metal in terrestrial areas and widely extracted and used in the metal and electronic industries. Lately, there has been a significant increase in this toxic element in ecosystems due to anthropogenic actions, making it highly persistent in the environment. Although it is a micronutrient for plants and microorganisms, Ni in high concentrations induces toxic effects on plants. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the effects of this toxicity on plants important for maintaining the biodiversity of your region, in addition to its use for man in different economic areas, such as veterinarian, doctor, food and chemistry. Cereus jamacaru is an endemic cactus native to the Caatinga and widely used in this region for various purposes. In this work, we sought to evaluate the toxicity of nickel in different concentrations on seedlings of C. jamacaru. Toxicity tests were performed with different concentrations (0.0; 0.1; 0.5; 1.0; 5.0 and 10 mM) of nickel sulfate (NiSO4), which were applied to mandacaru seeds sown in petri dishes. To evaluate the toxic effect, germination, biometric parameters (length and integrity of seedling organs), physiological (chlorophylls and carotenoids) and anatomical parameters were evaluated. In all concentrations tested, Ni proved to be toxic to seedlings, varying between the parameters analyzed and leading to the death of the individual in the highest concentrations (5 and 10 mM). Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2020-02-17T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9312 Título: Morfologia poliníca de Dalechampia L. (Euphorbiaceae) Autor: SILVA, Keyla Patrícia dos Santos Primeiro orientador: MELO, André Laurênio de Abstract: Dalechampia L. with 130 species, it is the only genus of Dalechampiinae, has a Pantropical distribution and Brazil (with about 70 species) as the main center of diversity. The genus is recognized for its pseudantial inflorescence, unique in Euphorbiaceae. However, the identification of several species by conventional morphology is complex and the most recent infrageneric classification proposed for Dalechampia is based almost exclusively on macromorphological characters, therefore, alternatives have been sought for a better understanding of interspecific relationships and that help to identify the taxon. Palynology is an important tool for the taxonomy of Euphorbiaceae. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop a study on the pollen morphology of 28 Dalechampia species belonging to four sections and five subsections and to seek to solve interspecific and infrageneric taxonomic problems. The pollen grains were subjected to the classical acetolysis process, observed under an optical and scanning electron microscope. The measures were tabulated and treated statistically and the qualitative characteristics were listed and compared between the morphologically closest species. It was observed that the pollen characteristics helped to distinguish some species, however it was not possible to make a correlation with the most recent infrageneric classification. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2020-02-21T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9311 Título: Contribuições para a biologia e ecologia de Pseudohypocera kerteszi (Diptera: Phoridae) Autor: SOBRAL, Jeffeson Juscelino da Silva Primeiro orientador: CARVALHO, Airton Torres Abstract: Meliponiculture as a sustainable and highly developed activity still needs to be extensively explored in terms of scientific knowledge. There is a lot to understand and improve, especially when it comes to diseases and parasites. The klepto-parasite Pseudoypocera kerteszi is the most important Meliponini bee pest. These flies often kill entire colonies. Very little is known regarding the biology and ecology of P. kerteszi. In the first article we investigated various aspects of P. kerteszi's biology such as: time of development of males and females, parthenogenesis, role of medium acidity in opposition, role of humidity in pupal emergence and development of larvae in a non-pollen source. For this, different methodologies were applied. In the second article, we tested the hypothesis that different Meliponini nests do not differ significantly from volatile compounds emitted from their structures, as the phorid usually attacks all stingless bee species. For this, we identify the volatile compounds emitted by different parts of the nests through mass spectrometry. In addition, we performed different biotests in cage with P. kerteszi. As a result, we observed that in general females of P. kerteszi live longer than males. Larvae developed successfully when fed on an unnatural medium. The acidity of the environment is a very important factor in the oviposition of flies. Females do not reproduce parthenogenetically. Non-emerged old pupae do not emerge when exposed to higher humidity. The nests of the different species of Meliponini bees used in this study are species-specific in relation to the emanated compounds, thus refuting our hypothesis. Some of the main compounds emitted by the nests were: acetic acid, ethyl acetate, beta-cymene and styrene. Pollen bait traps were the most attractive to flies, except when offered against glacial acetic acid. Acetic acid seems to play a key role in attracting P. kerteszi from short distances. These two articles provide important information regarding the klepto-parasite in question, which may be very relevant in the development and improvement of control methods in meliponiculture. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2020-02-17T00:00:00Z