http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4382 2025-09-17T01:29:55Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9168 Título: Utilização da palma forrageira orelha de elefante mexicana (Opuntia stricta Haw.) na alimentação de ruminantes Autor: REZENDE, Fábio Monteiro de Primeiro orientador: VÉRAS, Antonia Sherlânea Chaves Abstract: This project was divided in two experiments; the first one was to evaluate the inclusion of Orelha de Elefante Mexicana spineless cactus (Opuntia stricta Haw) in the diet of Holstein heifers regarding consumption, digestibility, ingestive behavior and performance. The second one had the objective of evaluating the substitution of sorghum silage by the Orelha de Elefante Mexicana spineless cactus in the diet of crossbred sheep in terms of consumption, digestibility, ingestive behavior and nitrogen balance. Twenty heifers of the Holstein breed with initial mean weight of 249.1 kg ± 34.2 kg were randomly arranged using the initial weight (PI) as co-variable for the experiment with heifers and five male cannulated in the rumen sheep with initial mean weight of 52.9 ± 6.0 kg that were arranged in 5x5 Latin square for the second experiment. Dry matter intake (CMS) was higher than expected, and was not influenced by substitution. Protein (CPB) and non-fibrous carbohydrate (CCNF) intakes increased with inclusion as the consumption of neutral detergent fiber (CFDN) decreased. The ingestive behavior was not influenced by the inclusion of spineless cactus in order of sugarcane, as well as the performance measured by body measurements. This behavior suggests that the fact that sugarcane presents low NDF content (38.5%) made possible a high consumption of DM, and consequently high weight gains. For the replacement of sorghum silage by the OEM palm, the dry matter intake (CMS), organic matter (CMO), non-fibrous carbohydrates (CCNF) and total digestible nutrients (CNDT), MS, and CNF digestibility increased with the replacement of sorghum silage by the OEM palm, as the consumption of neutral detergent fiber (CFND) decreased as expected. The ingestive behavior was influenced by the evaluated substitution, presenting a decrease in feeding and rumination times, and consequently an increase in leisure time. The chewing and rumination efficiencies of DM also increased with substitution. The nitrogen balance was not influenced by the substitution of sorghum silage by the OEM palm, which can be explained by the fact that CPB and DPB did not change. The low retention of nitrogen can be explained by the fact that the animals used have already reached maturity. It is possible to conclude that it is possible to use OEM palm on low-NDF sugarcane diets for Holstein heifers, with the criterion being the cost of the ingredients as well as the substitution of sorghum silage for the Orelha de Elefante Mexicana palm for sheep. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese 2018-02-28T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9163 Título: Efeito continuado de simbiótico em dietas para poedeiras da fase de cria à produção Autor: SOARES, Elayne de Souza Rocha Primeiro orientador: RABELLO, Carlos Bôa-Viagem Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of symbiotic supplementation in diets for laying hens at peak laying compared to the use of zinc bacitracin antibiotic on productive performance, egg quality, hematology and serum biochemistry, nutrient digestibility and intestinal histomorphology. A total of 384 Dekalb White laying hens, aged 1 to 45 weeks, were distributed in a completely randomized design, in 6 treatments, containing 8 replications of 8 laying hens each. The treatments consisted of a diet composed of corn and soybean meal and without additives (RR); a diet composed of corn, soybean meal and meat and bone meal without additives (FCO); an FCO diet supplemented with 0.05% Zinc Bacitracin (BacZn); and, a FCO diet supplemented with 0.1% of symbiotic additive with consumption starting in the rearing, rearing and laying phases, originating the Simb-C treatment (diet with symbiotic since the first day of life; the Simb-R treatment ( diet from the rearing phase); and, the Simb-P treatment (diet containing symbiotic in the laying phase. From the 26th to the 45th week, data on productive performance and egg quality were collected. excreta collections in order to evaluate the digestibility of nutrients; Blood samples were collected at the 44th week of age for the evaluation of hematology parameters and serum biochemistry and, at the end of the 45th week of life, organs were weighed and portions of the duodenum and jejunum in order to evaluate the histomorphology of the tissues. The averages of the results obtained were compared by orthogonal contrasts (P≤0.05), being RR x FCO, FCO x BacZn, BacZn x Simb-C, BacZn x Simb-R and BacZn x Simb-P Regarding the productive performance, the Simb-R treatment provided higher egg mass and feed conversion when compared to the BacZn treatment; Data regarding the quality and composition of the eggs state that the treatments corresponding to the inclusion of the symbiotic provided eggs with a lower percentage of yolk and a higher percentage of albumen when contrasted with the antibiotic, regardless of the time of use. Analyzing the nutrient digestibility data and intestinal morphology, the symbiotic additive obtained lower results for CMAMS, CMAPB, CMAEB, EMA and EMAn when compared to zinc bacitracin; while it provided better characteristics (villus height, crypt depth, villus:crypt ratio and villus area) to the intestinal epithelium of laying hens regardless of the inclusion phase. Therefore, it is concluded that the symbiotic additive provides good productive performance, especially when used in the rearing phase; ensures the production of eggs with good quality and composition; maintains the integrity of the intestinal epithelium and provides good histomorphological characteristics regardless of the time of use. It is a potential substitute for Zinc Bacitracin, ensuring healthy laying hens and good animal performance. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese 2023-03-31T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9162 Título: Gérmen integral de milho extra gordo como alternativa Lipídica para vacas em lactação Autor: SILVA, Camila Sousa da Primeiro orientador: FERREIRA, Marcelo de Andrade Abstract: Alternative lipid sources have been studied to improve performance and the fatty acid profile of milk fat in ruminants. Full-fat corn germ (FFCG) is pointed out as a potential lipid ingredient to improve performance and manipulate the fatty acid profile of milk from dairy cows. However, its effects are dependent on forage sources included in the diet. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing corn with FFCG in diets containing forage cactus and sugarcane bagasse on performance, nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance, milk composition, and milk fatty acid profile of crossbred cows. It was hypothesized that replacing corn with FFCG in a basal diet containing forage cactus and sugarcane bagasse would promote productivity gains and enrich milk with CLA and other health-beneficial fatty acids beneficial without negative effects on nutrient intake and digestion. The experiment involved 10 multiparous Girolando cows (5/8 Holstein x 3/8 Gir), with an initial live weight of 500 ± 66 kg and lactation period of 90 ± 15 days. The cows were pre-adapted to the experimental conditions for 15 days and then distributed in two 5 x 5 Latin Squares. Each experimental period was composed of 21 days (14 days for adaptation to the experimental diets and 07 for data and sample collection), totalizing 105 days of experiment. The diets were formulated with “Orelha de Elefante Mexicana” cladodes, sugarcane bagasse and concentrate, in which corn was progressively replaced with FFCG (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of substitution). The following variables were analyzed: nutrient intake and digestibility, milk production and composition, nitrogen balance, and milk fatty acid profile. Full-fat corn germ improved (P < 0.05) milk production and synthesis of fat, lactose, and total solids in milk. Replacing corn with FFCG quadratically increased (P < 0.05) the intake of dry matter, crude protein, and total digestible nutrients, and linearly reduced (P < 0.05) the intake of total non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC). Except for ether extract and NFC, FFCG did not alter (P > 0.05) nutrient digestibility. Adding FFCG to the diets reduced (P < 0.05) excretion of urea-N in milk and N excretion via urine. Furthermore, the substitution of corn for FFCG reduced (linearly or quadratically) the concentration of £C16 saturated fatty acids (FA, g/100 g of total FA), odd branched-chain FA, and C18:3 n-3 (as well as other n-3 FA) in milk fat. In contrast, there was a linear or quadratic increase in the proportion of long-chain fatty acids (³ C18), isomers of cis/trans C18:1 (except cis-11 C18:1), CLA isomers (especially cis-9, trans-11 CLA), C18:2 n-6 and other n-6 FA. These changes resulted in reduction in saturated FAs, an increase in mono- and polyunsaturated FAs (quadratic and linear effect, respectively), and a linear increase in the trans C18:1/C18:0, trans-11 C18:1/C18:0, and n-6:n-3 ratios. In addition, activity indices of the SCD-1 enzyme were reduced either linearly (SCD14, SCD16, and SCDCLA) or quadratically (SCD18) by increasing levels of FFCG in the diet. The results obtained indicate that substitution of corn by FFCG (up to 63.5%) can be a nutritional strategy to improve the production efficiency and fatty acid profile of milk fat from crossbred cows fed cactus cladodes. The use of sugarcane bagasse circumvents the deleterious effects of FFCG associated with milk fat depression. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese 2023-02-28T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9155 Título: Sustainable feeding strategies in beef cattle systems Autor: PEREIRA NETO, José Diógenes Primeiro orientador: DUBEUX JUNIOR, José Carlos Batista Abstract: The inclusion of legumes into grasslands is positive to reduce nitrogen fertilizer inputs, improve forage productivity, and enhance forage quality for warm and cool seasons. However, there is a forage scarcity period between the warm and cool season transition, which is a challenge faced by farmers in this region. Limpograss is a warm season forage present in Florida, that has the potential to fill the gorage gap between the warm and cool seasons. The use of limpograss as silage can be a new alternative and associated with protein supplementation may improve animal performance. The objective of this dissertation was to assess herbage and animal responses of steers in grass-legume grazing systems in North Florida, and ii. to evaluate the effect of protein supplementation on forage intake, digestibility, and animal performance of heifers fed on limpograss silage-based diet. Two experiments were performed. In experiment 1, treatments consisted of three grazing systems replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments included GR+N that consisted of N-fertilized ‘Argentine’ bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) in the warm season (112 kg N ha-1 yr-1) and overseeded with a N-fertilized mixture (112 kg N ha-1 yr-1) of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) in the cool season. The treatment GR+CL consisted of unfertilized bahiagrass in the warm season, overseeded by a mixture of ryegrass+oat+clover (Trifolium sp.) fertilized with 34 kg N ha-1 in the cool season. The treatment GR+CL+RP consisted of the mixture of bahiagrass with ‘Ecoturf’ rhizoma peanut (RP) (Arachis glabrata Benth.) during the warm season, and overseeded with ryegrass+oat+clover mixture plus 34 kg N ha-1 in the cool season. In experiment 2, 24 heifers crossbred Angus and Brahman (330 ± 16 kg live weight) were blocked by initial weight and then housed in a single pen and submitted to four different treatments such as: 1) control, no supplementation and ad libitum access to silage of ‘Gibtuck’ limpograss; 2) 1.4 kg of a commercial 32% CP and 68% TDN (cube) supplementation and ad libitum access to silage of limpograss; 3) 2.8 kg of cube and ad libitum access to silage of limpograss; 4) 4.2 kg of cube and ad libitum access to silage of limpograss. In the grazing trial, the N fertilizer did not affect the crude protein concentration (CP) and in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM). The herbage mass did not differ among treatments in the cool-season and warm-season. The herbage accumulation in the cool season had evaluation x treatment interaction. The herbage accumulation in the warm season did not differ among treatments. The clover nitrogen derived from atmosphere (%Ndfa) was 69% and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) was 33 kg N ha-1 season-1. Rhizoma peanut %Ndfa was 64% and the BNF 63 kg N ha-1 season-1. In the cool season, the average daily gain (ADG), gain per area (GPA), stocking rate, and herbage allowance did not differ across treatments. In the warm season, the inclusion of rhizome peanut improved the ADG in relation to the GR+N treatment (0.34 kg d-1 vs 0.12 kg d-1) and the GPA (257 kg ha-1 vs 101 kg ha-1). Overall, all the treatments presented the same ADG in the annual animal performance, however the GR+CL+RP presented a superior compared to other treatments. Integration of legumes into grazing systems, in warm and cool seasons, contributes to the development of a sustainable livestock production system, reducing 85% of the N fertilizer need. In the feeding trial, silage intake was reduced with the inclusion of 2.8 kg of Cube, but total intake increased with supplementation level. The supplement improved the organic matter digestibility, which was 574 g kg-1 in non-supplemented to 638 g kg-1 for diets supplemented with 4.2 kg of Cube. The neutral detergent fiber digestibility was affected by the treatment and reduced from 620 g kg-1 to 604 g kg-1 in the greater supplement level. The supplement promoted an increase in the intake, but reduced NDF digestibility. The inclusion of supplement improved the ADG of growing heifers, increasing from 0.04 kg d-1 to 0.6 kg d-1 with the inclusion of 4.2 kg of cube. The use of cube supplementation increased animal performance of developing heifers fed on limpograss silage. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese 2023-01-10T00:00:00Z