http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4374 2025-10-01T10:01:37Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9774 Título: Desvendando a etiologia do complexo de doenças “Podridão de Phomopsis” da berinjela no Brasil e busca por fontes de resistência de amplo espectro em Germoplasma de Solanum melongena L. Autor: SILVA, Bruno Alves da Primeiro orientador: REIS, Ailton Abstract: Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is the fourth economically important vegetable in the Solanaceae family. Despite being a very rustic crop, which is more tolerant to diseases than other species in the Solanaceae family, such as tomatoes, potatoes and peppers, many problems still interfere with its productivity, mainly the phytosanitary nature. Phomopsis rot is one of the main diseases of eggplant present in the main producing centers in Brazil. The disease affects the entire aerial part of the plant, however the greatest damage occurs when the pathogen affects the leaves and fruits. Infected fruits develop initially long-lasting rot, which can progress to soft rot and tissue interference. Injuries to the stem can lead to wilting and death of the branches above them. Dark brown, circular and concentric spots form on the leaves, which can be confused with those caused by Alternaria spp. To control the disease, the use of healthy seeds and seedlings, agricultural pesticides and the use of resistant cultivars are recommended. In the latter, the hybrid ‘Ciça’ (released as resistant to the fungus D. vexans) and other cultivars have been shown to be susceptible to pathogens under field conditions. Therefore, the present work aimed to clarify the etiology of Phomopsis rot in Brazil, in addition to testing the pathogenicity of isolates in fruits (cv. Ciça) and evaluating the collection of eggplant accessions belonging to Embrapa Hortaliças, discovering sources of effective genetic resistance against the possible causal agents of the disease. The phylogenetic analyzes carried out based on sequence information from genomic regions (ITS- internal transcribed space, TEF- elongation factor, Tub-2- beta tubulin and ACT- α actin) for 21 isolates, identified a complex of fungal species causing illness. Recognized as: (Boeremia sp1 and Boeremia sp2), Cumuliphoma pneumoniae, (Diaporthe endophytica, D. griceae and D. vexans) and (Stagonosporopsis sp. and S. pogostemon). This is the first report of the species occurring in eggplant in Brazil. The pathogenicity test on fruits (cv. Ciça) was carried out by inserting mycelium discs using the methods with (CF) and without injury (SF) into fruits, for 4 isolates. During the evaluation, the diameter of the lesions on each fruit was measured, and the area under the disease progress curve (AACPD) was calculated. No pathogenic variability was identified for the isolates, despite this, wound assays (CF) demonstrated higher AACPD values. In the selection of resistance sources, of the 61 accessions tested, for two of the pathogen isolates, disease severity data were used to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AACPD). Thus, 67.22% of accessions are resistant to Boeremia sp. and 83.60% were resistant to D. griceae. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2024-02-29T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9403 Título: Diversidade de espécies de Colletotrichum endofíticos em cajueiros Autor: RAMOS, Diana Gissell Barreto Primeiro orientador: CÂMARA, Marcos Paz Saraiva Abstract: Native to South America, the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.) is one of the most important cultivated fruit species in tropical regions. In Brazil, production is concentrated in the Northeast region, representing 99.5% of the cultivated area in the country. However, in recent years productivity has been decreasing due to several factors, the most important of which is the incidence of diseases. Anthracnose is the main cashew disease occurring throughout the country and caused by several species of the genus Colletotrichum. Previous studies have investigated the symptomatic species associated with cashew trees, but the diversity of endophytic species has not yet been studied. In view of this, the present study aimed to evaluate the diversity of endophytic species of Colletotrichum in the cashew tree in the state of Pernambuco, to identify these species through phylogenetic analyses, to evaluate the prevalence of Colletotrichum species in different organs of the cashew tree and, finally, to evaluate the pathogenicity and aggressiveness in cashew leaves. A total of 37 isolates were recovered from two non-commercial plantation areas, 12 isolated from area I (UFRPE) and 25 isolated from area II (UFPE). Different inoculation methods were tested. Six species of Colletotrichum (C. asianum, C. chrysophilum, C. karsti, C. siamense, C. theobromicola, C. tropicale) were identified as endophytes of cashew trees. Colletotrichum tropicale was the prevalent species in all areas and in all plant tissues collected. Mature tissues were the organs most colonized by endophytic species of Colletotrichum. All Colletotrichum species were pathogenic to wounded cashew leaves, however the methods without wounding did not show significant lesions. As for aggressiveness, C. siamense was the most aggressive species compared to other species. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2023-07-05T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9402 Título: Murcha de fusarium da bananeira em Missão Velha (Ceará, Brasil): percepção dos agricultores e intensidade da doença Autor: ROCHA, Welica Zaiana Bastos Primeiro orientador: MICHEREFF, Sami Jorge Abstract: In the mesoregion of Cariri Cearense, located in the south of Ceará state (Brazil), around 3,500 ha are cultivated with banana trees, highlighting the municipality of Missão Velha. Despite the expressive production, productivity is below the national average, mainly due to the occurrence of diseases, with emphasis on Fusarium wilt, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. This work aimed to analyze the knowledge and perceptions of smallholdings banana producers in Missão Velha about Fusarium wilt and to evaluate the incidence and severity of the disease in the properties. The study was carried out on 30 smallholdings in Missão Velha, with up to 20 ha cultivated with banana trees. The owners were interviewed regarding their knowledge and perceptions about Fusarium wilt, as well as a survey of the incidence and severity of the disease in the planting areas. In each area, the incidence was evaluated in 600 plants and the severity in 25 plants. Fusarium wilt was correctly identified as the cause of symptoms by 86.7% of respondents and the majority believed that this disease leads to a reduction in production of more than 40%. Most interviewees (66.7%) had already had to abandon some cultivation area due to the occurrence of the disease. Half of the interviewees considered contaminated seedlings as the most important factor for the spread of the disease from one area to another, but only 16.7% took into account the health of the seedlings at the time of planting. Most respondents consider that the causal agent of the disease can survive in the cultural remains of the banana tree (76.7%) and in the soil (96.7%), but 63.3% leave the plant with symptoms in the area. There are gaps in farmers' knowledge about the dissemination and management of Fusarium wilt, as well as contradictions between knowledge and adopted practices. The occurrence of Fusarium wilt was verified in all evaluated properties. The incidence of the disease varied between 17.3% and 75.8%, with an average of 43.9%, and in 55.3% of the areas it was greater than 40.0%. Severity levels ranged from 12.0% to 50.7%, with an average of 32.3%, and in most areas (56.7%) it was greater than 30%. Fusarium wilt is widely distributed and highly severe in the smallholdings banana producing of Missão Velha. There is an urgent need to adopt measures to mitigate the disease in order to avoid the collapse of this important sector of the regional economy. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2023-07-05T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9401 Título: Oídio do tomateiro no Brasil: agentes causais, distribuição geográfica e fontes de resistência em Solanum (Lycopersicon) Autor: LEITE, Stéfani dos Santos Primeiro orientador: BOITEUX, Leonardo Silva Abstract: Powdery mildews (PMs) are important plant diseases induced by highly evolved, biotrophic fungi (Ascomycota: Erysiphales). PMs can cause severe yield losses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crops, being easily recognized by the white colonies on the aerial plant parts, except fruits. PMs are widely distributed, inducing severe damages to protected crops and in drip-irrigated areas. A complex of three pathogens has been associated with the PMs on tomato and other Solanaceae worldwide: Erysiphe neolycopersici, Golovinomyces lycopersici (both inducing adaxial PM) and Leveillula taurica (abaxial PM). Although fungicides can be used, the use of resistant cultivars is the most efficient and sustainable strategy to control these pathogens. This dissertation aimed to identify and characterize morphologically and molecularly isolates of tomato PM-inducing pathogens in Brazil and to evaluate the reaction of accessions of the genus Solanum (section Lycopersicon) to isolates classified as E. neolycopersici. In Chapter II, 73 isolates were obtained from tomato plants showing PM symptoms/signs, from different areas in four geographic regions of Brazil. Of these, 14 were selected for molecular characterization via DNA sequencing of amplicons of the ITS-5.8S rDNA region obtained with a pair of primers (PMITS1/PMITS2) specific for identification of Erysiphales. A combination of morphological and molecular analyzes confirmed the predominance of E. neolycopersici isolates causing the adaxial PM in Brazil. Nationwide surveys indicated scarlet eggplant (S. aethiopicum var. gilo), potato (S. tuberosum) and Nicandra physaloides as natural hosts of E. neolycopersici isolates. Solanum acanthodes was reported for the first time as an experimental host of this pathogen. In Chapter III, the reaction of 174 accessions and eight experimental interspecific hybrids of the genus Solanum (Lycopersicon) was evaluated to E. neolycopersici isolates. High levels of resistance were detected in a restricted number of wild species accessions. Most of the S. habrochaites accessions showed an immunity-like response to the pathogen. Solanum chilense ‘CNPH 0410’ and S. peruvianum ‘CNPH 0201’ were also immune, corresponding to the first record of these accessions as new sources of PM resistance. Solanum pennellii ‘CNPH 0409’ proved to be highly resistant to E. neolycopersici isolates. The S. arcanum accession ‘LA-2172’ (original source of the Ol-4 gene) showed a significant recovery of symptoms and behaved as resistant. Plants of interspecific experimental hybrids involving susceptible S. lycopersicum accessions and resistant S. habrochaites accessions showed no symptoms, indicating the presence of dominant resistance factors in these wild accessions. In Chapter IV, eight L. taurica isolates (three from tomato, three from Capsicum and two from scarlet eggplant) were obtained from growing areas in the northeast and central-west regions of Brazil. All plants showed characteristic abaxial symptoms and signs of the pathogen. The isolates were characterized morphologically and molecularly by sequencing segments of the ITS-5.8S rDNA region using the PMITS1/PMITS2 primer pair. The fungal structures observed and the molecular characterization of the eight isolates corresponded to those described in literature as L. taurica. In conclusion, the results obtained in the present work indicated that E. neolycopersici (inducing adaxial PM) and L. taurica (inducing abaxial PM) are widely distributed in tomato crops in Brazil. Germplasm accessions identified and characterized with high levels of resistance to E. neolycopersici isolates can be employed in tomato breeding programs aimed at developing cultivars more adapted to tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2023-04-03T00:00:00Z