http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4341 2026-04-17T08:38:55Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9664 Título: Pesquisa de ranavírus em anuros procedentes de ambiente natural protegido no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil Autor: RODRIGUES, Davi dos Santos Primeiro orientador: PINHEIRO JUNIOR, José Wilton Abstract: This research aimed to detect ranaviruses in free-living amphibians (anura order) located in the Mata do Tapacurá Integral Protection Unit, situated in São Lourenço da Mata, in the state of Pernambuco. The collection sessions took place in July 2022 and March 2023. A total of 36 anurans of 9 different species and both sexes were collected by manual capture, euthanized and then dissected to collect the organs of interest: kidneys, liver and spleen. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to detect ranavirus genomic DNA. In the analysis of the DNA fragments produced in the PCR, two positive samples (5,5%) were detected and DNA of the same molecular weight in relation to the positive control was amplified. The samples were submitted to nested PCR test. The presence of ranavirus DNA was not confirmed in the samples analyzed, so the diagnosis of ranavirus infection was dismissed. In addition to this research, an integrative literature review was also carried out, with the aim of gathering and systematizing existing knowledge on ranavirus infection in amphibians. A total of 68 articles were evaluated, and epidemiological data on distribution, prevalence, and circulating species/episodes were analyzed and described. This work highlights the importance of this emerging pathogen for the world's herpetofauna. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2024-02-29T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9663 Título: Isolamento e identificação de Toxoplasma gondii em galinhas (Gallus gallus domesticus) comercializadas em mercados populares no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil Autor: SILVA, Renato Amorim da Primeiro orientador: MOTA, Rinaldo Aparecido Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular parasite with worldwide distribution and capable of parasitizing several homeothermic species, and which is of great importance due to its zoonotic potential. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify T. gondii from tissues of domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) raised extensively and intended for human consumption. Blood and tissue samples were collected from 25 chickens destined for slaughter. Initially, the Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFAT) technique was used as screening to detect antibodies anti-T. gondii. The positive animals at the cutoff point of 16 had their tissues (brain and heart) subjected to the Bioassay in a murine model, using Swiss-Webster mice. The inoculated mice were evaluated for a 45 days period, and on the thirtieth day post-inoculation, a blood sample was collected from each inoculated mouse to detect antibodies anti-T. gondii by IFAT. Animals were euthanized on day 45 p.i. and those positive at the cutoff point of 1:16 had their brains evaluated for T. gondii cysts and subsequently inoculated into an in vitro culture of MA-104 (ATCC® CRL-2378.1) cells. Aliquots of mouse tissue and cell culture were subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for confirmation through detection of the ITS-1 gene. A frequency of 68.00% (17/25) of anti-T. gondii in the evaluated chickens, which resulted in a seroconversion of 64.70% (22/34) in the inoculated mice. Seven T. gondii isolates were obtained with genetic characterization of three isolates revealing two genotypes (ToxoDB#36 and #114). From the results obtained, the presence and viability of T. gondii cysts in chickens intended for human consumption is reported. This occurrence reflects the status of environmental contamination, providing data regarding the circulation of a zoonotic agent of severe importance for public health. The presence of atypical genotypes can be attributed to the genetic diversity recorded in this region. We highlight the occurrence of the ToxoDB#36 genotype in chickens in the Pernambuco state. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2024-02-27T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9662 Título: Síntese verde de nanopartículas de prata por microrganismos filamentosos (fungos e actinomicetos) isolados da caatinga e avaliação das propriedades biológicas aplicadas à agropecuária Autor: ARAÚJO, Vivianne Ferreira Primeiro orientador: PORTO, Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Abstract: Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) have aroused significant interest within the scientific community in recent years due to their wide range of applications across various scientific fields. The present study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles using filamentous fungi and Actinomycetes (Genus Streptomyces), and to characterize them regarding their physicochemical nature, as well as to evaluate their biological potential. Brief, for the production and extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), the fungi Aspergillus tamarii, Mucor subtilissimus, Aspergillus terreus, and 4 strains of Actinomycetes (Streptomyces sp. DPUA 1542, S. sp. DPUA 1557, S. malasyensis DPUA 1571, S. parvulus DPUA 1573) were utilized. Following green synthesis, the AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Zeta potential, as well as the evaluation of acaricidal and termiticidal activity. The results obtained regarding the synthesis of AgNPs demonstrated that the tested filamentous fungi were not capable of producing AgNPs. However, two of the Streptomyces strains (Streptomyces sp. DPUA 1542 and Streptomyces sp. DPUA 1557) exhibited significant production, and these were utilized for characterization assays. The strain Streptomyces sp. DPUA 1542 (cultivated in ISP-2 medium) obtained AgNPs with alterations in the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) property in the region near the 420nm length. Meanwhile, the AgNPs derived from Streptomyces sp. DPUA 1557, using soy flour, showed SPR variation in the region near the 400nm length. Zeta potential analysis revealed peaks of -26.46 mV (for AgNPs from Streptomyces sp. DPUA 1557) and -26.9 mV (for AgNPs from Streptomyces sp. DPUA 1542), indicating a good state of particle stability. When subjected to biological assays aimed at evaluating acaricidal and termiticidal activity, the nanoparticles showed no effect against the Dermacetor nitens tick. However, excellent results were observed, with 100% efficacy when tested against the termite Nasutitermes corniger, particularly when associated with the aqueous extract of Cassia grandis, a plant widely found in the Pernambuco hinterland. The synthesis processes used showed high reproducibility and are in accordance with the principles of green chemistry and sustainability, presenting themselves as a low-cost and biocompatible alternative in AgNPs synthesis. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2024-03-08T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9661 Título: Investigação do potencial da curcumina como agente imunoterápico contra a salmonelose experimental Autor: FRAGA, Isabela Cristina Bandeira Primeiro orientador: LIMA FILHO, José Vitor Moreira Abstract: Among foodborne bacteria causing infections, species of the genus Salmonella can cause gastroenteritis and severe systemic disease that can lead to death. Thus, there is a constant demand for new therapeutic approaches. Curcumin has been reported for its medicinal properties, being a promising herbal medicine. Here, the therapeutic potential of curcumin was investigated in an experimental model of salmonellosis caused by S. enterica serotype Typhimurium. The disease affects various animal species of agricultural importance and humans. Initially, the direct antimicrobial effect of curcumin against S. Typhimurium was evaluated in vitro. Then, macrophages from the peritoneal cavity of Swiss mice were infected with S. Typhimurium and treated with curcumin. Additionally, Swiss mice were infected intraperitoneally with a bacterial suspension and treated with curcumin at doses of 1 and 10 mg/kg. Infected mice administrated with gentamicin (10 mg/kg) or phosphate saline (PBS) were used as controls. After 72 hours, the animals were euthanized, and liver, peritoneal fluid, and blood were collected. Colony Forming Units (CFU) were quantified in these samples, and leukocyte counts were performed in peritoneal fluid and blood. Preliminary results indicate that curcumin was not cytotoxic to macrophages, however it was not effective in controlling S. Typhimurium infection in mice target organs. Histological analysis of the liver revealed statistically significant benefits of administration of curcumin in relation to the control groups. These findings suggest the potential of curcumin against salmonellosis, although further studies are needed to elucidate its action mechanisms. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2024-02-29T00:00:00Z