http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4319 2025-09-17T22:58:16Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9777 Título: Crescimento de mudas de Erythrina velutina Willd. sob fertilização potássica na fase de rustificação e restrição hídrica Autor: PUNDRICH, Maria Gabriella Rodrigues Primeiro orientador: FREITAS, Eliane Cristina Sampaio de Abstract: Water is a vital resource for the development of all living beings, especially plants, and is essential for physiological processes such as photosynthesis and nutrient absorption. Currently, low water availability is a common problem worldwide, and this situation has worsened with climate change, limiting the establishment of forest species. Applications of potassium fertilizer can reduce the impact of water deficit on the initial growth of seedlings, increasing their efficiency in water use. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether the application of potassium fertilizer during the rust phase reduces the stress caused by water deficit in Erythrina velutina Willd. seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Forest Nursery of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE). The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD), in a 4 x 3 factorial (4 K rates: 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg dm-³) and 3 types of daily irrigation (ID - daily application, I7 - application every 7 days and I14 - application every 14 days). Sowing was carried out in 288 cm³ tubes, and after 15 and 30 days after sowing, topdressing fertilization with macro and micronutrients was performed. When the seedlings reached 15 cm in height, a rust fertilization was performed with K rates, divided into 3 applications, every 7 days. After 15 days of the last potassium fertilization of rust, the seedlings were transplanted to 5 L pots. At 111 days after sowing (DAS), another potassium fertilization was performed divided into 3 applications, every 7 days. After 15 days of the last application, changes were imposed on the water conditions according to the safety treatments. The following morphological variables were verified: height increase (IP), stem diameter increase (IDC), number of leaflets, dry matter mass of the aerial part (MSPA), root (MSR) and total (MST), main root length (CRP), leaf area (AF), dry matter ratio of the aerial part/root (MSPA/MSR), Dickson quality index (IQD) and stomatal density; physiological results: chlorophyll indices, relative water content (TRA) and damage to cell membranes; and biochemical variables: chlorophyll and carotenoid content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration, malondialdehyde and K content in the leaves. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), test of means, regression analysis at 5% significance, and principal component analysis (PCA). The ideal transparency for the growth of changes is daily productivity, since there was a reduction in growth and dry matter production when water was limited. Potassium fertilization did not influence height growth, but increased root length, leaf area, chlorophyll content, cell damage and hydrogen peroxide content. The application of a dose of 200 mg dm-³ of potassium is indicated to improve photosynthetic capacity, carotenoid content, reduction of oxidative stress and greater leaf area, which may influence greater tolerance to water stress in E. velutina seedlings. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2025-02-27T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9419 Título: Padrões de crescimento em floresta tropical sazonalmente seca em relação à variabilidade ambiental no semiárido pernambucano Autor: COSTA JÚNIOR, Djailson Silva da Primeiro orientador: FERREIRA, Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the relation of the vegetation to its environmental conditions, in order to understand its behavior, in the seasonally dry tropical forest of Caatinga, in northeastern Brazil. Initially, the annual and monthly variability of rainfall and average air temperature were evaluated and the water deficit was quantified through Climatological Water Balance (CWB). It identified high water deficit, high rainfall variability, an average rainfall of 520.70 mm, and an average annual air temperature of 30.66 ºC. Because of the cyclical drought, there was no soil water surplus in all years studied. The values of potential evapotranspiration of 1563.44 mm.year-1 were higher than the values of precipitation, characteristics of a climate of the type (DdA'a'). Then, the structure, dynamics and growth in basal area of two distinct zones in a Caatinga environment located in Floresta – PE, Brazil were evaluated. They were: A1 (the least preserved), that suffered loss of vegetation in 1986, and A2 (the most preserved), with no substantial history of disturbance. Forty plots (20 m x 20 m) were implanted for the continuous forest inventory – CFI, measuring individual plants with a circumference at 1.30 m from the ground ≥ 6 cm. There was a decrease in the number of families, gender, and species, with mortality rates higher than those of entrances. However, an increase was noticed in the basal area for (A1), initially (2008) with 3.1 m2.ha-1 and in 2019 with a value of 4.6 m2.ha-1. While (A2) came from 8.3 m2.ha-1 to 7.0 m2.ha-1. Thus, a greater influence of drought can be seen on A2, because of a period of low rainfall from 2012 to 2015. Finally, the influence of environmental variables on the periodic annual increment - PAI of the basal area was analyzed using a mixed linear model. Spearman's correlation was used to verify the existence of correlation with environmental variables. The analysis of variance with mixed effects was performed considering period (time) and species as a random effect, while the fixed effects variables were considered as dendrometric: number of shafts, inlets, mortality, equivalent diameter and environmental variables, then the following mixed linear model was created. The mixed ANOVA assumptions were performed based on the analysis of residues. It was noticed that there is a correlation between precipitation and seasonal factor, associated with temperature and drought indices. However, the accumulated annual and semiannual rainfall do not show a strong relationship with the PAI. There was an influence for (A1) in relation to environmental variables in fixed effects parameters, whereas in (A2), only significant influences were noted in the fixed effects for dendrometric variables. In general, the mixed linear model showed good performance for both areas, presenting good residual distributions, without the presence of outliers. It is concluded that vegetation growth is influenced by environmental variables, although this fact was perceived only for A1 (less preserved), for A2 (preserved) such influences were not noted, possibly because of intrinsic individual traits. However, in the long term it is necessary to continue monitoring the vegetation through the studied variables. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese 2021-09-30T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/8958 Título: Padrões e processos ecológicos relacionados à montagem de comunidades no semiárido tropical brasileiro Autor: SILVA, Valdemir Fernando da Primeiro orientador: RODAL, Maria Jesus Nogueira Abstract: Community ecology studies patterns of diversity and processes underlying those patterns. Many studies only consider taxonomic diversity (TD), but the evolutionary history (phylogenetic diversity, PD) and functional traits (functional diversity, FD) of species can also be used to understand the processes that structure diversity patterns, especially taking into account the alpha and beta components of diversity. The use of these approaches allows a better understanding of the relationships between species and the environment since the functional traits of the species can be the result of both the relationship and the species' responses to the environment. Thus, this thesis had the following objectives: (i) test if the variations of the functional traits in the tropical semiarid are responses of the abiotic variables, evolutionary history or by stochastic events and (ii) analyze the congruence between TD, PD and FD different conditions of water and soil availability. In order to answer these objectives, the climatic variables were estimated, the chemical and physical variables of the soil were determined and eight functional traits were measured in 20 areas distributed in a precipitation gradient (502 to 1,423 mmyear-¹) in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Considering aim (i) it was found that there is no influence of the evolutionary history on the variation of the functional traits and that the climatic and soil factors influenced a combination of functional traits that allowed to identify two trade-offs one between leaf area and basic density of branch wood and other leaf area and height. Considering the objective (ii) the three facets of diversity showed different patterns of change in the tropical semiarid. In the alpha component, there was congruence between the different facets of diversity. However, in the beta component in the drier areas, they showed a decrease in taxonomic and functional diversity and an increase in phylogenetic diversity, indicating a pattern of mismatch between these facets of diversity. Different ecological processes drove the communities’ assembly of in the northeastern semiarid, since there were contributions from processes related to the niche and stochastic events. Thus, it is concluded that the variations of the functional traits were responses to the variations of the environment and not to the evolutionary history and that the patterns of assembly of communities in the semiarid differ in the aspects of diversity. The study pointed out that the processes that act to promote the assembly of communities in the tropical semiarid vary with water availability. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese 2020-06-30T00:00:00Z http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/8957 Título: Ciclagem de nutrientes em fragmento de floresta ombrófila densa das terras baixas, na Zona da Mata de Pernambuco Autor: MORAIS, Yasmim Yathiara Gomes Araújo Primeiro orientador: FREIRE, Fernando José Abstract: The Atlantic Forest, considered the second largest rainforest on the American continent, exert an important role in ecological balance, although the anthropic actions cause a loss and fragmentation of this biome. As a result of these high anthropic actions, litter and outflow from the trunk accrue from rainfall, have become essential sources of nutrients for the ecosystem. In view of the lack of information on this theme, this work aimed to evaluate the dynamics of nutrient cycling through leaf biomass, litter supply and runoff through the trunk in a fragment of Dense Ombrophilic Forest of the Lowlands, in the Zona da Mata of Pernambuco. Data collection was carried out in a forest fragment located in Sirinhaém, Pernambuco. Based on a phytosociological survey carried out in the area, the nine species with the highest absolute density in the fragment were determined. Three individuals of each species were selected and 25 leaves were collected from the middle part of the crown at the four cardinal points of each individual. The leaf biomass of each species was determined using allometric equations and the levels of micronutrients in the leaves were determined. Finally, the micronutrient stock and the biological utilization efficiency of forest species were calculated. The collection of litter was realized monthly for a year in three different periods, being them: wet and cold; hot and dry; and, wet and hot. In the litter produced, the levels were determined and the micronutrient contributions were calculated. This, it was possible to estimate the decomposition rate and average renewal time of this litter. Runoff through the trunk was quantified monthly, in the rainy season, subdivided into two periods: less rainy and more rainy using collectors fixed around the trunk arboreal individuals of the species with the highest absolute density. The total and internal precipitation was measured using rain gauges installed inside and at the edge of the fragment. The water flowing through the trunk was measured in milliliters, an aliquot was taken, the pH and electrical conductivity were measured and the K, P and Na input was determined. Through total precipitation, effective precipitation and runoff, effective precipitation was calculated. Forest species used micronutrients differently, favoring interspecific interactions and with the site that are included. The forest species used the micronutrients differently, favoring the interspecific and site interactions that are included. The climatic variations interfered in the litter supply, in the dry and hot period there was a greater deposition. The decomposition rate for the wet periods was around 90%, indicating that during these periods there is rapid decomposition and, consequently, the availability of the nutrients contained in the litter for the ecosystem. Runoff through the trunk of forest species differed by species and had little influence from the rainy season, and proved to be an important pathway for nutrients to enter forest ecosystems, mainly K, effectively participating in nutrient cycling Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação 2020-02-20T00:00:00Z