http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4380 2025-09-27T22:41:53Z 2025-09-27T22:41:53Z SANTOS, Robson Batista dos http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9549 2024-03-05T19:44:03Z 2022-02-18T00:00:00Z

Título: Cultivo do camarão de água doce Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man 1879) em sistemas simbióticos e bioflocos na fase de berçário Autor: SANTOS, Robson Batista dos Primeiro orientador: SILVA, Luis Otávio Brito da Abstract: The freshwater prawn species M. rosenbergii has shown the need for research to intensify its cultivation, especially in heterotrophic systems with minimal water exchange. In view of this, this work aimed to improve the culture technologies of this species for biofloc and synbiotic systems in the nursery phase. For this, two experiments were carried out. In Experiment 1, different strategies for supplying organic carbon in the culture of this species were tested. The prawn (10.0 ± 2.0 mg) were stored (0.8 PL L−1) for 35 days in an experimental design with five treatments and four replicates: Ct = control; M = molasses (BFT); Mf = molasses pre-treated with Bacillus spp. without and with aeration (synbiotic); RB = rice bran (BFT); and RBf = raw rice bran pre-treated with Bacillus spp., without and with aeration (synbiotic). The prawns were fed five times a day with a diet containing 40% crude protein. The water quality variables remained within the range considered adequate for the species. The synbiotic reduced the mean values of settleable solids. The protein content of microbial flocs (dry weight) differed between RBf (34.07 ± 0.54%) and RB (29.77 ± 0.48%), but was higher in M (43.27 ± 0.76 %). Prawns submitted to RBf showed the best combination of results for the variables final weight (122.85 ± 12.50 mg) and weekly weight gain (22.26 ± 2,97 mg). Once better performance of the RBf was identified, Experiment 2 proposed to investigate the effects of different strategies of synbiotic preparation (fermentation and microbial respiration) on water quality and animal performance. Thus, new post larvae (10.01±2.0 mg, 1.0 PL L−1) were stocked in 20 experimental units for 35 days, design with five treatments and four replicates. Rice bran, probiotics, alkalizing agents and water were used in the preparation of the synbiotic. Each treatment corresponded to a preparation strategy: T12|12 = 12 hours anaerobic and 12 hours aerobics; T12|24 = 12 hours anaerobic and 24 hours aerobic; T24|0 = 24 hours anaerobic only; T24|12 = 24 hours anaerobic and 12 hours aerobic; T24|24 = 24 hours anaerobic and 24 hours aerobic. The results of the quality variables were suitable for the culture of the species. For the variables final average weight (mg) and yield (g m-3), treatments T24|24 (221.3±22 and 195.4±14.6) and T12|24 (218.2±27.6 and 196.2±33.4) were superior to 24| 00 (176.1±24.5 and 151.3±21.6). Thus, we can conclude that it is possible to use the synbiotic system with rice bran in the production of freshwater prawn M. rosenbergii juveniles. Furthermore, the combination of fermentation time and microbial respiration in the synbiotic preparation process has an effect on its quality as a fertilizer and, therefore, on the growth of the animals. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese

2022-02-18T00:00:00Z ARAÚJO, Priscila Rocha Vasconcelos http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9548 2024-03-05T19:36:13Z 2020-02-19T00:00:00Z

Título: História de vida de Aetobatus narinari (Myliobatiformes) capturada pela pesca artesanal no litoral da Paraíba e Pernambuco, Brasil Autor: ARAÚJO, Priscila Rocha Vasconcelos Primeiro orientador: LESSA, Rosângela Paula Teixeira Abstract: The spotted eagle ray, Aetobatus narinari, occurs in coastal and island tropical regions of the Atlantic Ocean. The recent taxonomic redefinition of the species has reduced the available literature on its biology and fishing, as well as made its conservation status (Near Threatened - NT) obsolete worldwide. In Brazil, this ray is caught by artisanal fisheries in several regions; even so there is no information about its basic biology in these areas, being classified as a Data Deficient species (DD). Therefore, the present work aimed to estimate age and growth; characterize aspects of reproductive biology and eating habits; and study the linear and geometric morphometry and population structure of the ray A. narinari in the coast of Paraíba and Pernambuco (07°30'S; 34°49'W / 07°47'S; 34°51'W), Northeast Brazil. The samples were collected in May and July of 2015 and monthly from April 2016 to August 2018 by artisanal fishing. The individuals were identified, sexed, photographed, the disc width (DW, cm) and total mass (TM, kg) were taken. For the study of growth, age was estimated by counting the translucent bands of the vertebrae for 26 females (DW: 53.2 - 155 cm) and 24 males (DW: 44.2 - 136 cm), so the growth model with the best fit for both sexes was von Bertalanffy (females: L8 = 164.2; k = 0.18 e t0= -2.4; males L8 = 153.3; k = 0.25 e t0= -1.9); and the older individuals were a nine-year-old female (DW: 155 cm) and a five-year-old male (DW: 136 cm). For reproductive biology, based on the analysis of secondary sex macroscopic structures, 27 females (DW: 53.2 - 155 cm) and 27 males (DW: 39.5 - 141 cm) were analyzed, females body size at which 50% of the individuals are mature (DW50) at 130.15 cm and males at 116.42 cm. The highest mean values of the hepatosomatic index (IHS) and gonadosomatic index (IGS) for males occurred in the third bimester of the year, and for females occurred in the last bimester for IHS and in the fourth bimester for IGS. Regarding the study of diet, based on the analysis of stomach contents, the Whitespotted Eagle Ray presented a specialist diet based on prey from the Chordata and Mollusca group, where females fed mainly on Fish (IRI %: 46.4) and Ascidians (IRI %: 27.9); and the males on Ascidians (IRI %: 57.2) and Gastropoda (IRI %: 20.3). For linear morphometry, besides DW, 29 additional morphometric measurements were taken for comparison between males and females; therefore the results of Covariance Analyses (ANCOVA) performed for the separate sexes showed a significant difference in linear regressions between each measurement and the DW of individuals. For the geometric morphometry, photographs of the dorsal and ventral view of the chondrochraniums of 38 individuals (15 males and 23 females) were used; and according to the statistical of Principal Component analysis and Linear Discriminant analysis there were significant differences for the sexes in both dorsal and ventral views. Finally, to study the population structure, 42 individuals were used and concatenated COI-Cytb-ND4 sequences of mitochondrial genes were analyzed; and the sample presented 14 different haplotypes, with diversity hd= 0.646; low fixation index (FST) values per site; indicating weak population structure. In the study area the small-scale artisanal fishery catches A. narinari specimens of all ages and different stages of maturity throughout the year, so the study can contribute to the management of fishing and conservation of the species in the region. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese

2020-02-19T00:00:00Z ALMEIDA, Paulo Rogério de Souza http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9547 2024-03-05T19:30:39Z 2020-02-20T00:00:00Z

Título: Biologia reprodutiva da caraúna marrom Acanthurus chirurgus (Bloch, 1787) (Perciformes: Acanthuridae) capturada pela frota artesanal no Litoral Norte do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil Autor: ALMEIDA, Paulo Rogério de Souza Primeiro orientador: OLIVEIRA, Paulo Guilherme Vasconcelos de Abstract: The aim of the present study was to describe the dynamics oogenesis, spermatogenesis process from macroscopic and microscopic analyzes and reproductive biology from Acanthurus chirurgus based in the gonadosomatic index, description, distribution of the maturation stages, seasonal variation of the maturation stages, first maturation size, frequency and spawning type, batch fecundity, relative and fecundity type and to evaluate the influence of rainfall and temperature in the reproductive cycle. Between may 2016 and may 2018, 317 males and 188 females were analyzed (n = 505), from the landings of artisanal fishing boats that operate with traps on the Island Itamaracá, Pernambuco, Brazil. The length ovaries varied from 1.12 to 6.36 cm and 0.13 to 2.72 cm from width and weight varied from 0.05 to 9.52 g. Ovaries are constituted by smooth muscle tissue, lamellas ovigerous, follicular and germinative cells (oogonia, primary growth oocytes – with nucleolar chromatin, cortical alveoli, vitellogenic I, II, III, germinal vesicle migration and breakdown and hydration oocyte form the ovarian complex. The length testis varied from 0.86 to 3.81 cm and 0.02 to 1.27 cm from width. The weight varied from 0.001 to 4.30 g. The testis are unrestricted spermatogonial type, constituted by smooth muscle tissue, theca and granulosa cells, radiate zone (external, intermediate, internal), tunica albuginea, primary and secondary seminiferous tubes, sperm duct and interstitial tissue, form the testicular complex. No significant statistical differences from stages: development, regressing and regenerating for length and width of the ovaries and testis. A higher frequency of females and males was observed in the 23˧25 and 25˧27 cm classes. The growth was negative allometric β1 = 0.139 and the sex ratio was (0.6F: 1M). Both sexes were classified into six stages of development: females - immature, developing, spawning capable, actively spawning, regressing and regenerating and males – immature, developing, able to release, releasing, regressing and regenerating. Greater reproductive intensity occurred from August to December (dry period – average rainfall: 90.5 mm), with greater frequency of ovaries in the regressing and regenerating stages. In the PCA, rainfall of 62.6% and the period of 34.8%, had a greater influence on the stages of ovarian development, with no significant statistical differences between the groups: spawning capable and actively spawning (p = 0.548), developing and regressing (p = 0.229). The minimum (L50) and maximum (L99) maturation sizes were (18.03 and 22.05 cm - R² = 0.91). The average spawning frequency varied from 36.2% to 38.7%, with a potential spawning frequency/day/ year of 2.7 and 2.5 and 19 and 18, using the OH and POF method, respectively. Potential fecundity ranged from 15,962 to 75,880 (36,715 ± 14.9), batch and relative fecundity ranged from 2,801 to 10,774 (6,622 ± 6.62) and 0.6 to 0.19 (0.12 ± 0.03) oocytes per milligram of female weight. A gap in the group of oocytes with diameter at around 325 μm was observed in the Vtg III phase, separating the group of less developed oocytes from the modal group of oocytes more developed in the GVM and GVBD phases in the 375-425 μm class, corresponding to the group of oocytes that will be released. The diameter of the oocytes corresponding to the spawning capable stage varied from 27.7 to 600 μm (139.36 ± 123.41), with multimodal distribution, with a decrease in the 400-450 μm range. The pattern of development and recruitment of oocytes is clearly observed throughout the study period. The distribution of the oocyte size frequency for each stage of ovarian development, without the presence of a gap in the diameter of the oocytes in primary and secondary growth, may be indicative of indeterminate fecundity, with cyclic oocyte development. Females can spawning more than two times during the reproductive season, with the spawning "synchronous in more than two groups". In the males the maturation process is not continuous, since showed testicles in the regeneration stage. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese

2020-02-20T00:00:00Z ALBUQUERQUE, Paulo de Tarso da Fonseca http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9546 2024-03-05T19:24:11Z 2021-02-26T00:00:00Z

Título: Avaliação de impactos ambientais em um estuário neotropical do litoral de Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil Autor: ALBUQUERQUE, Paulo de Tarso da Fonseca Primeiro orientador: FRÉDOU, Thierry Abstract: The Itapessoca Estuarine Complex, belonging to the Itamaracá Estuarine Ecosystem, is characterized by a history of intense economic activities that develop along the banks of its tributary rivers, often performed without any control or planning. In order to relate natural and anthropic events with the age of the sediment, a geochronology was carried out by the determination of Pb-210 in excess (fallout), by the Gas Proportional Flow technique. Firstly, geochronology was applied to trace mercury contamination in the estuarine ecosystem. Two sediment cores were sampled, stratified and analysed by the Gas Proportional Flow Counter technique for determination of Pb-210 activity, a radionuclide applied to geochronology. Mercury was quantified in sediment samples by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, ranging from 0.17 to 1.29 mg.kg-1 in deep sediments. From the Pb-210 results, sedimentation rates of 0.84 (±0.07) cm.year-1 and 1.03 (±0.22) cm.year-1 confirmed Hg contamination in Itamaracá since 1965. Extreme precipitation and drought events have also been related to the distribution pattern of Hg concentrations in deep sediments. To investigate possible disturbances in the recent sedimentation processes in the study area, 20 surface sediment samples and 2 cores were collected for analysis of chemical elements Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, Sr, Ti and Zn concentrations, determined by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence - EDXRF technique. Through the enrichment factors and ratios between some elements associated with geochronological data, it was possible to identify geochemical changes in the sedimentation of the sampled points, with an increase in minerals associated with fine fractions and a decrease in the proportions of elements associated with coarse fractions. The geochronology revealed that the enrichment of Pb and the marked increase in the enrichment factors of Ca and Sr are strongly associated with the anthropic activity of the region (mining and cement factory). A total of 76 species distributed in 33 families were collected. Aspects such as functional guilds and diversity were investigated and compared between Catuama and Itapessoca. Although many species of commercial importance in the region are young, only one species was classified as vulnerable (IUCN). Statistical analyses showed that electrical conductivity of the water, Total Dissolved Solids, salinity and the metal zinc were the factors most correlated with the fish assemblage variation although no clear pattern were found. This study revealed that the study area has relevance for feeding and shelter for several marine species and that natural processes seem to exert more influence on the composition of the occurring ichthyofauna. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese

2021-02-26T00:00:00Z