http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4362 2025-12-23T03:38:04Z 2025-12-23T03:38:04Z MENEZES, Sirleide Maria de http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9124 2023-06-22T21:07:41Z 2022-09-23T00:00:00Z

Título: Cultivo de cana-de-açúcar sob lâminas de irrigação por gotejamento pulsado e contínuo Autor: MENEZES, Sirleide Maria de Primeiro orientador: SILVA, Gerônimo Ferreira da Abstract: Sugarcane is a highly expressive crop in the world agricultural market due to its contribution to the food and sugar-energy industry. With the expansion of the sugar-alcohol sector and periods of climatic instability, the need for new technologies and tools, such as irrigation, arises, which guarantees the security of production with gains in quantity and quality in the sugarcane fields. In this sense, the pulse irrigation technique aims to support irrigation management with the potential to maximize the use of water and nutrients, and thus contribute to the rationalization of inputs and the sustainability of cropping systems. For this, an experiment was conducted under field conditions at the Experimental Sugar Cane Station of Carpina (EECAC/UFRPE) located in the city of Carpina – PE. The experimental design was a randomized block design with 10 treatments distributed in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, the first factor being the type of irrigation application (pulse irrigation and continuous irrigation) and the second factor five replacement depths of crop evapotranspiration. (40, 60, 80, 100, and 120% of ETc), with four repetitions. For the pulse irrigation application condition, four irrigation pulses were defined with a 40-minute rest interval between two irrigations. The increase in water deficit reduced the extraction and export of nutrients, gas exchange, growth, and productive yield of sugarcane. Pulsed irrigation mitigated the negative effects of water deficit, and provided an increase in the nutritional, physiological, growth, and productive aspects of the crop. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese

2022-09-23T00:00:00Z OLIVEIRA FILHO, Ronaldo Alves de http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9123 2023-06-22T21:00:08Z 2021-07-29T00:00:00Z

Título: Respostas agrofisiológicas de tipos de sorgo irrigados com água residuária Autor: OLIVEIRA FILHO, Ronaldo Alves de Primeiro orientador: SILVA, Ênio Farias de França e Abstract: Due to the reduction of water availability due to population growth, the reuse of wastewater from domestic, industrial and agro-industrial sources in agriculture is urgent. However, these sources of water generally have a greater number of ions, organic matter and also microorganisms compared to fresh water, which may pose a risk to human health, as well as salinization of the soil causing stress on plants. Therefore, to cultivate certain cultures it is necessary that they show a certain tolerance to the characteristics imposed by wastewater. Sorghum has a moderate tolerance to salinity and water deficit, in addition to being a crop with a multitude of applications that can be used for animal, human and ethanol production. In view of the above, the objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of wastewater on the soil and on cultivars of sweet, forage and dual-purpose sorghum in the first and second growing cycle. The experiment was carried out between August 10, 2015 and March 18, 2016, at the Experimental Station of the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco - IPA, in the municipality of Vitória de Santo Antão - Pernambuco. The design was in causalized blocks consisting of 12 genotypes and three blocks, totalling 36 experimental units. The total fresh and dry mass productivity, as well as leaf, stem and panicle yield were evaluated in the two production cycles. Five soil collections were also made over time in order to monitor the supply of sodium, potassium, organic matter and monitor the variation in the hydrogen potential of the soil solution and the electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract. Gaseous exchanges, net CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance and instant carboxylation efficiency were also measured in the prefloration and milky-paste stages in the two production cycles. With the obtained results it was possible to verify that the cultivation of sorghum with wastewater increases the production of fresh and dry mass in the second cut compared to the first. The types of forage sorghum, dual purpose and saccharine showed an increase in productivity of 28.7%, 10.1% and 5.5%, respectively, compared to the first cut. The net CO2 assimilation rate in the second cut double-purpose sorghum plants increased by 30.6% to the detriment of the first cut. The accumulation of organic matter in the soil, favoured by the application of residual water, minimizes the toxic effects of the presence of sodium in the soil. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese

2021-07-29T00:00:00Z SILVA, Rodes Angelo Batista da http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9113 2023-06-21T21:40:21Z 2023-02-24T00:00:00Z

Título: Sistema automático de classificação de imagens térmicas para detecção de mastite subclínica bovina Autor: SILVA, Rodes Angelo Batista da Primeiro orientador: PANDORFI, Héliton Abstract: Brazil occupies a prominent position in the world dairy production sector. However, this sector faces an obstacle well known by producers, the bovine mastitis. It causes many production losses, and it is necessary to develop tools that enable its early detection, reducing the time, cost and subjectivity associated with the determination of the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a computational methodology capable of receiving digital thermal images, which allows segmentation and automatic classification, helping to diagnose bovine mastitis. The data survey was carried out in three milk production units, located in the municipalities of Capoeiras and Pesqueira, in the Mesoregion Agreste, Microregion of Ipojuca Valley, State of Pernambuco and in the Municipality of Russas, Ceará. To develop the automatic segmentation methodology, images from 24 animals were used, in different clinical conditions (healthy, with clinical and subclinical mastitis) determined according to the selection criteria. The thermal images of the udder of the animals were obtained by infrared thermographic camera, FLIR i60, obeying the left anterolateral, right anterolateral, posterior and inferior frames, four images per animal. For the development of the methodologies using sequential transfer learning, 600 images from the MammoTherm (human breast cancer) bank and 165 images of 360 x 360 pixels, referring to the database of 55 cattle, classified into distinct groups "Healthy" and "Subclinical Mastitis", were used. The automatic segmentation indicated representativeness of the segmented area of 19, 15, 37 and 36% of the total pixels for healthy animals [32.9 - 33.86 °C] ± 0.99. For the subclinical mastitis picture, the percentage representation ranged from 21.84 to 69.5% of total pixels [34.45 - 34.98 °C] ± 0.87. The representation of animals with clinical mastitis ranged from 78.5 to 85.85% [35.34 - 35.75 °C] ± 0.67. The algorithm for automatic segmentation allowed differentiating the images of healthy animals, with subclinical and clinical mastitis. The predictive model STL_bayesian_CBAM-ResNet50 achieved the best performance (97.28%) compared to the other models, 92.1% (STL_bayesian-ResNet50) and 88.03% (STL_ResNet50), respectively. The computational methodology applied to the study, from thermal images of the udder of dairy cows, contributed significantly to the automatic detection of healthy animals and animals with subclinical mastitis. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese

2023-02-24T00:00:00Z SILVA, Raguiára Primo da http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/9112 2023-06-21T20:20:31Z 2021-08-18T00:00:00Z

Título: Modelagem da compactação por tráfego agrícola após o preparo do solo em tabuleiro costeiro Autor: SILVA, Raguiára Primo da Primeiro orientador: ROLIM, Mário Monteiro Abstract: The passage of traffic after conventional soil preparation causes negative effects throughout the sugarcane production cycle. To understand this process of transmission of tensions from vehicles to the ground and its consequences on soil compaction, simulation models are used. Among them we have the pseudo-analytical models, derived from Fröhlich and Boussinesq, and the numerical models such as the finite element method (FEM). The aim of this study was to i) perform pseudo-analytical analyzes using different Fröhlich concentration factors (3, 4, 5 or 6) and compare the vertical stress results with two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) FEM models; and ii) simulate a truck and a tractor by the FEM (3D) and analyze the soil properties that change after the vehicles pass. In the first chapter, for the FEM simulations, all the parameters required by the Modified Cam Clay model were determined and the geometry of the soil profile was generated, with the stratification of five types of materials in a finite element mesh generator. For the pseudo-analytical model, the Soilflex model was used, in both tire/ground contact areas were simulated by the super-ellipse model. Results revealed that 3D numerical and pseudo-analytical models showed similarities to each other for vertical stress propagation. The 2D plane strain analysis overestimated the stress propagation, inducing the overlapping of bulbs between tires of the same axle, concentrating and propagating the vertical stress in soil depths far beyond what was observed for the others. The results recommend assigning a concentration factor of 3 for pseudo-analytical simulations. For the second chapter, the passage of a tractor and a sugarcane truck was simulated in a soil, after conventional preparation. With the parameters required by the Modified Cam Clay model, the geometry of the soil profile was generated, similar to the first chapter. The tractor applied the lowest vertical stresses in the tire-soil interaction and along the profile, while the truck tires reached stresses of 750 and 880 kPa on the soil surface, corresponding to the front and rear axles, respectively. The highest preconsolidation stress obtained after vehicle simulation was found in truck traffic, exclusively in the first layer (0.0-0.20). Below the wheels of all vehicles there was a reduction in porosity. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese

2021-08-18T00:00:00Z