TEDE Coleção:

Distribuição e estrutura das assembleias de Nematoda em três praias arenosas urbanas do Nordeste do Brasil

2024-12-12T16:40:03Z

Título: Distribuição e estrutura das assembleias de Nematoda em três praias arenosas urbanas do Nordeste do Brasil Autor: REIS, Swane Sâmia de Moraes Primeiro orientador: CARVALHO, Mônica Lúcia Botter Abstract: The Nematoda assemblages were investigated with the aim of analyzing a structure and distribution of genera, considering the spatial variation of the horizontal type in three urban sandy beaches in the state of Pernambuco. The collections were carried out in November 2020, on the beaches of Barra de Jangada, Cupe and Itapuama. Two transects per beach were delimited, covering the upper midlittoral (MS), medium (MM), lower (MI) and infralittoral (I) regions. For sampling, a 3.0 cm diameter cylindrical sampler with 10 cm height was used to extract the first 5 cm of the sediment. The collected material was fixed in a 4% saline formalin solution. Additional samples were collected for analysis of particle size parameters, organic matter content, chlorophyll-ɑ and pheopigments. In the laboratory, the samples were washed in running water over geological sieves with a 500 and 44 μm opening, with subsequent extraction, counting, preparation on permanent slides and identification of the organisms at the genus level. The univariate indices of density (ind.10 cm-²), genus richness (S), Shannon diversity (H') and Pielou evenness (J') were calculated and the results compared between beaches, transects and zonations using the 3-factor PERMANOVA, which was also used to verify differences in the community structure of the three beaches. The nMDS was used to represent the significant results of PERMANOVA, SIMPER applied to determine which genera contributed the most to dissimilarities and PCA to analyze the distribution patterns of environmental variables between the beaches. Barra de Jangada had the highest richness (43) and highest mean density (1286.62 ind. 10 cm-2 on the I), followed by Cupe (39) and Itapuama (34), which had the lowest mean density (1.41 ind. 10 cm-2 in MM). With regard to trophic distribution, the greatest heterogeneity occurred in Barra de Jangada, with the largest contributions from organisms 2B (28.40%), Cupe 2A (52.27%) and Itapuama 1B (57.02%). PERMANOVA showed significant differences in univariate indices (S; density; J’; H’) between nematode assemblages from the intertidal region of the three beaches (p<0.001). Theristus was the genus responsible for the greatest contribution of dissimilarity between the beaches of Barra de Jangada and Cupe (8.13%) and Barra de Jangada and Itapuama (7.97%) and the environmental factor that most contributed to the total environmental variability was the particle size. Although these urban beaches are geographically located in the same coastal region, the Nematoda assemblages showed differences between their transects and their zonations. This result can be attributed to the environmental heterogeneity of these beaches, promoted by their distinct morphodynamic characteristics and also the form of use and exploitation of these ecosystems. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Influência da antropização sobre ectoparasitos da avifauna em fragmentos de brejos de altitude no semiárido brasileiro

2023-05-29T15:18:35Z

Título: Influência da antropização sobre ectoparasitos da avifauna em fragmentos de brejos de altitude no semiárido brasileiro Autor: SOUZA, Vanessa Campelo Primeiro orientador: TELINO JÚNIOR, Wallace Rodrigues Abstract: The anthropization of natural environments is a widely distributed phenomenon. Altitude marshes have been suffering several impacts due to human actions, such as agriculture, logging and livestock, which represents a threat to biodiversity in this ecosystem. Human activities can influence important ecological interactions, such as the parasite-host, favoring not only the transmission of parasites between populations of hosts inhabiting small fragments, but also increasing the susceptibility of hosts to diseases. Birds are hosts to several ectoparasites, such as ticks and lice. Countless studies have correlated ectoparasitism by these arthropods with harmful effects on birds, such as impaired immunity and reproductive success and reduced body condition. Knowing that altitude marshes are home to a great diversity of bird species and are exposed to anthropic threats, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of anthropization on the ectoparasites of birds in three remaining fragments of altitude marshes located in the municipality of Garanhuns. From August 2018 to July 2019, birds were captured using mist nets, while ectoparasites were collected through visual search and tweezers. A total of 81 species of birds from 18 families were captured, of which 26 species and 12 families were parasitized by lice, while 14 species from 8 families were parasitized by ticks. Of the 546 birds captured, 11.9% (65/546) were infested by 747 lice belonging to 12 taxa, and 4.2% (23/546) by 29 ticks of the species Amblyomma sculptum. Only 1.3% of individuals were coinfested by lice and ticks. Both lice and ticks showed a preference for topographic sites on birds bodies. The presence of Amblyomma sculptum is noteworthy because it is a vector of the Rickettsia rickettsii bacterium, the etiological agent of Brazilian Spotted Fever zoonosis, and is commonly found in areas where original vegetation was degraded, surrounded by human and domestic animals residences, which occurs in the area of study. Although the fragments differ in their environmental and anthropogenic metrics, no significant differences were found between the parasitological parameters of the avifauna between the three altitude marsh remnants. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Impactos de parques eólicos em comunidades de anuros na Caatinga, Nordeste do Brasil

2023-05-29T15:04:59Z

Título: Impactos de parques eólicos em comunidades de anuros na Caatinga, Nordeste do Brasil Autor: OLIVEIRA, Rogério Ferreira de Primeiro orientador: MOURA, Geraldo Jorge Barbosa de Abstract: Human activities are known to be responsible for the decline of biodiversity. Recently, the implementation of wind farms has contributed to the worsening of environmental problems and little is known about the effects of noise pollution generated by wind turbines in the Caatinga. Therefore, this dissertation aims to analyze the impact of noise from wind farms in anuran communities in Caatinga, Northeast Brazil. A search gave rise to two manuscripts. In the first, entitled “Impacts of wind farms on the diversity of anurans in a seasonally dry tropical forest, Northeastern Brazil”, the effects of noise from wind farms, rainfall and weather on anuran diversity patterns were evaluated. Our results revealed that the noise did not present a significant negative relationship in the structure of the communities, on the other hand, the rainfall over time strongly influenced the patterns of abundance and richness and diversity of frogs. And in the second, entitled “Effects of noise from wind farms on the behavior of anuran calling in the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil”, the effects of noise from wind farms on the calling behavior of three species of anurans were analyzed. Our results showed that the noise from wind farms affected the calling behavior of the three species and the frequency amplitude, dominant frequency and call amplitude decreased significantly with increased noise. This work is a pioneer in analyzing the impacts of wind turbine noise on anuran communities in Brazil. Future studies with anurans and other animals dependent on acoustic communication will help in understanding the impacts of wind energy in the Caatinga and other terrestrial environments. Thus, knowledge of the effects of noise from wind farms can be an important tool for ecological, behavioral studies and conservationist actions. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação

Avaliação da fauna acompanhante da pesca camaroneira e comparação entre as modalidades de arrasto de praia e arrasto motorizado na Paraíba, Nordeste brasileiro

2023-05-29T14:34:02Z

Título: Avaliação da fauna acompanhante da pesca camaroneira e comparação entre as modalidades de arrasto de praia e arrasto motorizado na Paraíba, Nordeste brasileiro Autor: PASSARONE, Rafaela Primeiro orientador: FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena Abstract: Despite the great socio-economic relevance, the fisheries cause changes of the ecosystem and populations. Trawl fishing is not very selective and captures a large biomass of bycatch, composed by fish, mollusk, echinoderms, crustaceans, and others. The artisanal shrimp fisheries carried through beach seining has great economic and social importance in the state of Paraiba. However, there is no information on the incidental catch of this fishery and its effects on the ecosystem. This study aims to evaluate the effects of shrimp fishing on the species of bycatch in Lucena (PB), in the Northeast of Brazil and makes a comparative analysis of the impacts of beach seining (BS) and motorized trawling (MT), which currently is prohibited by legislation. To describe the beach seining in Lucena, monthly samplings were conducted between December 2016 and November 2017. Ichthyofauna was identified and described in abundance in number and biomass. Specimens were measured and their size classes were correlated to the Size at first maturity (L50). Ichthyofauna was also described in the risk of extinction, using parameters of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and they were classified considering feeding mode functional groups (FMFG) and estuary use functional groups (EUFG). The allometric coefficient was calculated for species with n exceeding 30 individuals that contained a satisfactory size range (33 species) of those 30 had negative allometric coefficient. A total of 199 kg (30.2%) of shrimp and 460 kg of fish (69.8%) were caught. The average catch proportion of target species and bycatch observed was 1:2.3. The bycatch was composed of 31.008 individuals of 11 orders, 36 families and 119 species. The most representative families were Sciaenidae, Pristigasteridae and Clupeidae, and the most expressive species were Opisthonema oglinum, Cetengraulis edentulus, and Pellona harroweri. The abiotic factors that most influenced this cycle of changes in the community were rainfall, flow and salinity and the species that varied most in abundance and/or biomass along this cycle were Lycengraulis grossidens, Menticirrhus americanus, Trichiurus lepturus, Chloroscombrus chrysurus e Cathorops spixii, Centropomus parallelus e Rhinosardinia bahiensis. According to the risk classification (IUCN), most (88) of the species were categorized as least concern (LC). A total of 66% of captured individuals did not reach sexual maturity (L50), indicating a high capture of juveniles. Considering the feeding functional group (FMFG), most species (61) were classified as zoobentivorous, indicating a higher susceptibility of species associated with the seabed. Regarding the use of the estuary (EUFG), the majority (49) were classified as marine migrant and marine stragglers (36), indicating the predominant migratory behavior in the captured species and the use of the coastal region as feeding and shelter area. The ecological indexes did not show a pattern of monthly or seasonal variation. Beach trawling captured a superior richness of species (AP 119; AM 58), while the proportion of bycatch was higher for motor trawling (AP 1:2,3; AM 1:3,2). The composition of ichthyofauna showed great similarity (81%), as well as the proportion of distribution of functional groups and the annual estimate of capture: shrimp (AP 87.9; AM 65.6 ton) and bycatch (AP 202; AM 210 ton). The similarities between these fishing modalities break a paradigm of low impact regarding beach trawling, whose effects are similar to motorized fishing in the different aspects approached. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação