http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4352 2025-09-28T10:58:08Z 2025-09-28T10:58:08Z VELOSO, Venâncio de Lima http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/8849 2023-08-09T14:42:17Z 2020-02-28T00:00:00Z

Título: Bioacessibilidade e fitoatenuação de Cd, Pb E Zn por milho em solo poluído por escória metalúrgica e tratado com biochar Autor: VELOSO, Venâncio de Lima Primeiro orientador: NASCIMENTO, Clístenes Williams Araújo do Abstract: The improper disposal of mining waste is a problem worldwide. Slag containing heavy metals can pollute soil and water and contaminate animals and humans. The bahian city of Santo Amaro had a lead smelter that, for years, polluted its territory with the smoke from the chimneys and the slag improperly deposited throughout the city. In order to understand the dynamics of stabilized metals in soils conditioned with biochar, the present work aimed to evaluate the effects of applying biochar to a soil polluted by multiple metals on the bioaccessibility, availability and absorption of As, Cd, Pb and Zn by plants and on the phytoattenuation process, aiming to indicate an economically and environmentally sustainable way for remediation of contaminated soils. For this, an experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with increasing doses of vermin (equivalent to 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 t ha-1) applied to polluted soil in the municipality of Santo Amaro-Ba and cultivated with corn. After cultivation, the levels of metals in the roots and shoots, nutrients in the shoots, the fractionation of metals in the soil and bioaccessibility tests were determined. In addition to the evaluation of physiological parameters (chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange and chlorophyll contents). The results showed that biochar can be indicated as a ameliorating for heavy metals in phytoattenuation or phytostabilization programs in the Santo Amaro contaminated soil, since it promoted a decrease in the mobility and availability of metals in the soil, with an improvement in the production of dry matter and photosynthetic attributes of corn plants. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2020-02-28T00:00:00Z SILVA, Talmo Henrique dos Santos http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/8848 2023-02-24T22:48:02Z 2021-02-26T00:00:00Z

Título: Parâmetros físicos de solos coesos sob cultivo de eucalipto em topossequência na zona da mata nordestina Autor: SILVA, Talmo Henrique dos Santos Primeiro orientador: ALMEIDA, Brivaldo Gomes de Abstract: The soils of Coastal Tablelands may present a cohesive character, which limits the effective depth for water dynamics, soil aeration, and root growth. Changes in topography and the shape of the relief can promote variations in the morphological, physical, chemical, mineralogical, and biological attributes of the soil, affecting the development, growth, and productivity of crops, which justifies studies along toposequence. The planting of eucalyptus makes it possible to use slope areas that are not feasible to plant other crops, due to its greater slope; allied to that, there is a great diversity in the market for its exploration. However, in these areas, eucalyptus cultivation has shown productivity problems, as a result of changes in soil properties due to its position in the landscape. In this context, the objective of the research was to evaluate if there are limitations in the production of eucalyptus due to the physical attributes of the soil in a toposequence, characterizing its variability according to the position in the landscape and identifying the one with the worst use conditions. The research was carried out in an experimental area located in the Coastal Tablelands region of Alagoas, with clonal stands of Eucalyptus sp. The plots used in the experiment were: 0 year (T0), when sugar cane is removed and eucalyptus planted; 6 years (T6), which is the harvest age; in addition to an area of native forest of conserved Atlantic Forest, considered as reference toposequence (TR). Thus, in the three selected toposequences (T0, T6, and TR), the landscape positions were defined: top or upper third of the slope (TSE); the middle third of the slope (TME); and lower third of the slope (TIE). In these, two horizons were studied: one with a cohesive character (HC); and one without, located below that, defined as the selected horizon (HS). For each toposequences, three soil profiles were opened in each position in the landscape, totaling nine profiles per toposequence (3 positions  3 trenches), where the samples were collected: structured (soil cores and aggregated) and unstructured. The total of samples collected in all study areas was 432 samples: 16 per profile, 8 per horizon, with HC and HS, resulting in 48 samples per landscape position and, totaling 144 samples per toposequence (48 samples  3 positions). In the respective samples, the following tests were carried out: distribution of particle size fractions; total porosity and its pore size distribution (macro, meso, structural and biological micropores, textural micropores); bulk density; aggregate stability indexes; tensile strength of aggregates; simulation of soil resistance to root penetration; saturated hydraulic conductivity. Soil quality indexes (IQS) were elaborated, defining the role that attributes have in the soil, from an environmental or agricultural point of view. The statistical analysis of the data along the toposequences revealed that the TSE presented the best results, as observed in the area under cultivation with eucalyptus, six years ago (T6) in the HS, and with less than one year (T0) in the HC, being the worst conditions found in the TME of the T6 area of HC and the TIE of the TR area of HS. These results are according to those obtained by the analysis of the attributes by IQS, demonstrating the effectiveness of this method for assessing soil quality under different managements. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2021-02-26T00:00:00Z SILVA, Suellen Roberta Vasconcelos da http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/8847 2023-02-24T22:22:56Z 2021-01-29T00:00:00Z

Título: Diagnose nutricional da videira cultivada no Vale do Submédio São Francisco Autor: SILVA, Suellen Roberta Vasconcelos da Primeiro orientador: FREIRE, Fernando José Abstract: Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is a highly profitable crop, one of the most important fruit crops in Submédio São Francisco Valley. The assessment of nutritional status of the vine is important because it influences yield and quality of grape. Despite this, specific nutritional standards for the grape in the region have not been developed yet. Integrated Diagnosis and Recommendation System (DRIS), modified DRIS (M-DRIS), and Composition Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) are modern methods of nutritional diagnosis that consider the interactions among nutrients and can be used to stablish nutritional standards in Submédio São Francisco Valley. Also, the relationship between nutritional balance and content of Ca bound to pectins in the cell wall (Ca-pectin) has not yet been evaluated. Ca is the nutrient that most interferes with the quality of the fruit, being related to fruit firmness and fruit quality in post-harvest. Thus, the objectives of this study were: to define specific DRIS, M-DRIS, CND norms for grapes in Submédio São Francisco Valley; evaluate and compare nutritional status of grape using these methods in three different production environment; evaluate the relationship of Ca-pectin with DRIS, nutrients concentrations (soil, leaf and fruit) and criteria of fruit quality. The work involved three cultivars produced in the region (BRS Vitória, Sweet Jubilee and Sugar Crisp), grown in three different environments, at PL (Petrolina / PE), JZ (Juazeiro / BA), and CN (Casa Nova / BA) farms. Twenty vineyards were selected and soil, leaf and fruit samples were collected to determine N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and B concentrations. Database was divided into two populations (high and low-yielding). As a criterion for separating populations, the average yield + 0.5 of the standard deviation was used, with 18.89 Mg ha-1 being the limit for separating them. DRIS standards were developed from the selection of dual ratios between nutrients that had the highest variance ratio between low and high-yielding populations. The respective DRIS, M-DRIS and CND nutrient indices and the Average Nutritional Balance Index (IBNm) of each vineyard were calculated. The results were interpreted by Response Potential to Fertilization (PRA). Fruits were evaluated for berry weight and diameter, bunch length, soluble solids, titratable acidity and berry firmness. Fe, Cu and Zn compromised the normality of some dual relationships. The nutritional diagnosis methods showed high percentage of agreement, suggesting that the use of any of them may be recommended for the region. Nutritional diagnosis carried out by DRIS identified Mn deficiency and excess Ca in vineyards, showing nutritional imbalance in 73% of nutrients. Grape yield was negatively correlated with IBNm, suggesting that grape yield has been influenced by nutritional imbalance. Ca-pectin showed negative correlation with IBNm, indicating that nutritionally unbalanced plants have higher Ca-pectin content. Ca-pectin was positively correlated with TA and did not correlate with berry firmness. Principal component analysis showed that Ca-pectin was correlated with nutrients in the fruit and dry weight, but not with nutrients in the soil and leaf. Fertilization programs need to be monitored and readjusted to optimize fruit yield and quality. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2021-01-29T00:00:00Z LIMA, Robson Hortencio de http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/8846 2023-02-23T23:23:45Z 2022-02-25T00:00:00Z

Título: Caracterização de perfis de regolito e formação de carbonatos em saprolitos derivados de gnaisse no semiárido de Pernambuco Autor: LIMA, Robson Hortencio de Primeiro orientador: SANTOS, Jean Cheyson Barros dos Abstract: The regolith, which encompasses soil and saprolite, plays an ecological role in the relationship between plant species, groundwater cycle and geochemical processes relevant to the ecosystem, an important component for the study of the critical zone. CO2 emissions into the atmosphere are a matter of concern for society, and regolith is a recognized sink. The formation of carbonates “mineral carbonation” occurs naturally in regoliths through reaction of CO2 with mineral dissolution products, potentially acting on carbon sequestration. In the literature, the formation of carbonates by the weathering of basaltic rocks is well known. However, in this study, our hypothesis is: Regolith profiles derived from acidic metamorphic rocks located under a semiarid climate in the state of Pernambuco have geochemical, mineralogical and structural characteristics that favor the process of carbonate formation in the saprolite. The study focused on three equidistant regolith profiles along 900 meters in the municipality of Jataúba, inserted in the geomorphological domain of the Borborema Complex, state of Pernambuco. Soils and saprolites were classified, morphologically described, structurally evaluated and collected. In the deformed and undisturbed samples collected from autochthonous horizons, chemical and physical analyzes, mineralogical analyzes by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), geochemical analyzes by X-ray fluorescence (FRX) and micromorphological analyzes by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) associated with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were performed. Field tests showed a strong reaction of saprolite to HCl and electron micromorphology showed calcium precipitates around altered feldspars. The compact structures of the horizon overlying the saprolite and the virtually preserved rock underlying the saprolite must have favored the formation of carbonates by keeping the H2CO3 solution in contact with the altered minerals. In addition, the biotite and plagioclase-rich melanosomes inherited from the gneiss by the saprolite have mineralogical and geochemical characteristics similar to those observed in basic rock saprolites. We infer that the increase in the levels of Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+ and H2CO3 in the solution is favored by the regime of rainfall + evapotranspiration and that the origin of the CO2 necessary for the formation of carbonates in saprolites is atmospheric and by respiration of microorganisms. The present work serves as a reference for future studies to estimate the contribution of carbonate formation in saprolites from the northeastern semi-arid region to CO2 sequestration. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Dissertação

2022-02-25T00:00:00Z