TEDE Coleção:

Soroepidemiologia da infecção por Toxoplasma gondii e Leptospira spp. em humanos no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco, Brasil

2023-02-03T22:13:40Z

Título: Soroepidemiologia da infecção por Toxoplasma gondii e Leptospira spp. em humanos no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco, Brasil Autor: CARVALHO, Maria da Conceição Primeiro orientador: MOTA, Rinaldo Aparecido Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and Leptospira spp. in humans and identify risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, Pernambuco, Brazil. For detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Leptospira antibodies, indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and Microscopic agglutination test (MAT), were used respectively. The risk factors were identified through the application of an epidemiological questionnaire and variables were analyzed by univariate analysis and logistic regression. The seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G anti-T. gondii antibodies was 50.4%. Factors associated with infection: consumption of well water or rainwater (odds ratio [OR]: 2.43, p=0.020) and consumption of game meat (OR: 1.80, p=0.026). The prevalence of anti-Leptospira antibodies was 1.17% (4/341), and the serovars identified were: Icterohaemorrhagiae, Javanica, Mini and Louisiana. This is the first study that addresses these infections in humans in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. The results of this study indicate the urgent need for intervention by local, health authorities with integrated and strategic measures in the prevention and control of these diseases. In addition, it is important aware the residents of the Island of Fernando de Noronha about of the transmission routes of Toxoplasma gondii and Leptospira spp. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese

Autoecologia de Gymnodactylus geckoides Spix, 1825 (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) em fragmento de caatinga, nordeste do Brasil

2023-02-03T20:39:14Z

Título: Autoecologia de Gymnodactylus geckoides Spix, 1825 (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) em fragmento de caatinga, nordeste do Brasil Autor: OITAVEN, Leonardo Pessoa Cabus Primeiro orientador: MOURA, Geraldo Jorge Barbosa de Abstract: Autoecology and the study of the most varied aspects are of fundamental importance for understanding the natural history and ecology of the species. In addition, such aspects contribute to strategies for environmental and species management and conservation. Therefore, considering that data in the literature on populations of Gymnodactulus geckoides, in the state of Pernambuco remain poorly, or not studied, the present work had as objective an analysis of autoecological aspects, approaching new techniques and perspectives (Variations of periods of drought and rain) never previously used, for analyzes of trophic ecology, microenvironmental specificity , reproductive biology and parasitology, in a population of this lizard species, in the Caatinga area, in the state of Pernambuco. In total, 203 individuals were analysed, according to ingested food, gonadal and body conditions, as well as microhabitat and parasites, 68 females, 98 males and 31 juveniles, plus 6 sighted but not captured animals. As previously discussed, our trophic ecology data also allow us to classifyG. geckoides as a generalist, but the present study presents variations according to the availability of the environment, varying the number and volume of ingested prey. Smaller prey tend to be ingested in greater quantities during the dry season, while larger prey are ingested in smaller quantities during periods of rain. The microhabitat also varies according to the environment, indicating a preference for native vegetation, when present. The parasite-host relationship revealed low diversity of parasites, with a strong relationship between helminths and morphology and seasonality being recorded. Variations were found according to ingested prey, body size and seasonal variations, considering the levels of infection. Finally the factors of energy reserves, as well as modification of reproductive cells, indicate that this species presents continuous and acyclic reproduction, being highly correlated to the rainy season, in which a higher frequency of females carrying eggs in the oviduct and ovaries in the vitellogenic stage could be found. Therefore, energy reserves are used to a greater extent by this group due to pregnancy and ovarian maturation. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese

Dieta, perfis morfométrico e bioquímico dos primatas exótico (Saimiri sciureus) e nativo (Callithrix jacchus) no estado de Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil

2023-02-03T19:48:34Z

Título: Dieta, perfis morfométrico e bioquímico dos primatas exótico (Saimiri sciureus) e nativo (Callithrix jacchus) no estado de Pernambuco, nordeste do Brasil Autor: ALBUQUERQUE, Juliana Ribeiro de Primeiro orientador: OLIVEIRA, Maria Adélia Borstelmann de Abstract: The presence of the Amazonian primate, Saimiri sciureus, in the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil, has been known for three decades. However, very little information has been gathered about their behavior, feeding habits and interaction with other species, such as Callithrix jacchus, a native primate in the region. Data published in several studies revealed the exploitation of a wide home range and frugivorous diet of S. sciureus and the use of small areas and gomivorous diet of C. jacchus. Are these differences repeated and are they decisive in the environment where S. sciureus and C. jacchus are sympatric? In addition to their behavior and diet, information on the morphometry and biochemistry of free-living S. sciureus are nonexistent, just as there is little data for C. jacchus in this condition. Are there sex-age differences in the morphometry and biochemistry of S. sciureus and C. jacchus? Seeking to elucidate these and other issues, between the years 2017 and 2019, two groups of S. sciureus (S G1 and S G2) and two groups of C. jacchus (C G1 and C G2) were monitored in the Reserva Biológica de Saltinho, located on the South coast of Pernambuco. Scan sampling was applied to record behaviors and a GPS was used to mark the routes of the animals and to calculate their home range sizes. The All Occurrences method was used to record the diet and samples of collected plants were identified. Fruits were measured and nutritionally analyzed. Specimens of S. sciureus and C. jacchus were captured to assess health, through body measurement and collection of blood samples for laboratory analysis. Locomotion exceeded 50.0% of the activity budget of all groups, whose activities were carried out mainly in the arboreal stratum between 5 m - 10 m above the ground by the S. sciureus groups and 0 m - 5 m high by the C. jacchus groups. The S. sciureus groups used a larger home range (18.7 ha and 28.0 ha) than the C. jacchus groups (1.8 ha and 2.1 ha). The diet of S. sciureus was frugivorous, demonstrating a preference for the intake of Henriettea succosa, which presented a higher value of ether extract (1.01%) in relation to the other analyzed fruits. The gomivory of C. jacchus was accentuated, mainly through the intake of Tapirira guianensis gums. The mean body mass of C. jacchus females was 284 g and the juvenile specimens surpassed adults for six of the morphometric parameters. S. sciureus males obtained a mean body mass of 742 g and surpassed females for all morphometric parameters. Both species showed high concentrations in their lipid profiles, mainly total cholesterol and HDL and in the protein profile. The differences in the use of arboreal stratum, home range sizes and in food preference, were determining factors for favoring the sympatry of these primates in the study area. Since the specimens evaluated were clinically healthy, the results of the morphometric and biochemical profiles can be used as a reference for C. jacchus and S. sciureus in nature. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese

Influência do diâmetro folicular e do hormônio antimulleriano (AMH) na taxa de concepção e produção leiteria de fêmeas da raça Girolando inseminadas

2023-02-02T19:24:06Z

Título: Influência do diâmetro folicular e do hormônio antimulleriano (AMH) na taxa de concepção e produção leiteria de fêmeas da raça Girolando inseminadas Autor: FRAGA JUNIOR, Antonio Matos Primeiro orientador: CARNEIRO, Gustavo Ferrer Abstract: One of the main biotechnologies to improve reproductive rates generating greater economic return for cattle production is artificial insemination, but these indexes are still low, mainly caused by problems in the detection of estrous, late puberty, and postpartum anestrus that affect directly reproductive performance. The size of the ovulatory follicle at the time of insemination among other factors influences the conception rate and reproductive efficiency in fixed-time Artificial Insemination (FTAI) programs. The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a component of the β transforming growth factor family (TGF-β), known for its attributions in sexual differentiation in males and females, secreted by granulosa and cumulus cells, for exerting impacts on the follicular sensitivity to FSH hormone and initial recruitment of follicles. They regulate the efficiency of follicular selection and recruitment. The objective of this work was to evaluate whether there is a relationship between AMH concentrations with the conception rate in Girolando cows inseminated FTAI in blocks. A total of 327 Girolando cows (Bos taurus indicus x Bos taurus taurus) was used in the experiment. The females were submitted to the following synchronization protocols: for primiparous and multiparous females, the protocol began in D0 with the application of intravaginal progesterone device (CIDR®, 1.9 g, Zoetis) and intramuscular application (IM) 2 mg estradiol benzoate (Gonadiol®, 2 mL, Zoetis); in the D7, application (IM) of 25 mg dinoprost (Lutalyse® 5 mL, Zoetis); D9: application (IM) of 12.5 mg dinoprost (Lutalyse®, 2.5 mL, Zoetis) and 1 mg estradiol cypionate (E.C.P® 0.5 mL Zoetis). For nulliparous cows, changes in the previous protocol were in the Application D7 (IM) of only 12.5 mg dinoprost (Lutalyse®, 2.5mL) and D9 (IM): Application of 12.5 mg dinoprost (Lutalyse®, 2.5 mL) and 0.6 mg of estradiol cypionate (E.C.P® 0.3 mL). After eleven days from the beginning of the protocol (D11), the animals were randomly divided into two groups. Control Group (n:150) and Block Group (n:179). Ultrasound evaluations were initiated an hour earlier from conventional FTAI. After ultrasound evaluation, animals of the Block Group were divided into 4 blocks according to the size of the dominant follicle. Blood collections were performed on the D11 of the protocol, by the coccygeal vein, with heparinized vacuntainer tube. After collection, blood was centrifuged (900 x G for 15 minutes) for plasma removal, which was stored in freezer at -80º C until the analyses were performed. Serum AMH concentrations (ng/mL) were analyzed using bovine anti-Mullerian hormone (Webster, TX). The data were submitted to ANOVA, when significant effect was observed, tukey's test was performed at 5% significance for this, the statistical program RBio was used. The pregnancy rate of the Block Group (70.99%) was 28.71% higher than the Control Group (42.28%). The AMH assay has a measurable analytical interval of 20 ng/mL-0.312 ng/mL. Intraassay coefficients were <= 8% and interassay was <= 12%. As conclusion, AMH concentration cannot be used as a marker for fertility determination in Girolando cows. Further studies will be necessary to use AMH as a molecular marker for milk production. Instituição: Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Tipo do documento: Tese